1 /*	$OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.71 2005/05/27 04:55:27 mcbride Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.20 1995/08/11 22:37:58 cgd Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * Mike Muuss.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 #if 0
44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
45 #else
46 static const char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.71 2005/05/27 04:55:27 mcbride Exp $";
47 #endif
48 #endif /* not lint */
49 
50 /*
51  *			P I N G . C
52  *
53  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
54  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55  *
56  * Author -
57  *	Mike Muuss
58  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59  *	December, 1983
60  *
61  * Status -
62  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
63  * Bugs -
64  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
65  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/param.h>
69 #include <sys/queue.h>
70 #include <sys/socket.h>
71 #include <sys/file.h>
72 #include <sys/time.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
75 #include <netinet/in.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 #include <netdb.h>
81 #include <signal.h>
82 #include <unistd.h>
83 #include <stdio.h>
84 #include <ctype.h>
85 #include <err.h>
86 #include <errno.h>
87 #include <string.h>
88 #include <stdlib.h>
89 
90 struct tvi {
91 	u_int	tv_sec;
92 	u_int	tv_usec;
93 };
94 
95 #define	DEFDATALEN	(64 - 8)		/* default data length */
96 #define	MAXIPLEN	60
97 #define	MAXICMPLEN	76
98 #define	MAXPAYLOAD	(IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - 8) /* max ICMP payload size */
99 #define	MAXWAIT_DEFAULT	10			/* secs to wait for response */
100 #define	NROUTES		9			/* number of record route slots */
101 
102 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
103 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
104 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
105 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
106 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
107 
108 /* various options */
109 int options;
110 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
111 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
112 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
113 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
114 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
115 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
116 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
117 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
118 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
119 #define	F_SADDR		0x0200
120 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x0400
121 #define	F_TTL		0x0800
122 #define	F_SO_JUMBO	0x1000
123 
124 /* multicast options */
125 int moptions;
126 #define	MULTICAST_NOLOOP	0x001
127 #define	MULTICAST_TTL		0x002
128 #define	MULTICAST_IF		0x004
129 
130 /*
131  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
132  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
133  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
134  */
135 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
136 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
137 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
138 
139 struct sockaddr whereto;	/* who to ping */
140 struct sockaddr_in whence;		/* Which interface we come from */
141 unsigned int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
142 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
143 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET]; /* Max packet size = 65535 */
144 u_char *outpack = outpackhdr+sizeof(struct ip);
145 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
146 char DOT = '.';
147 char *hostname;
148 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
149 
150 /* counters */
151 unsigned long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
152 unsigned long nreceived;	/* # of packets we got back */
153 unsigned long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
154 unsigned long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
155 double interval = 1;		/* interval between packets */
156 struct itimerval interstr;	/* interval structure for use with setitimer */
157 
158 /* timing */
159 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
160 unsigned int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT;	/* max seconds to wait for response */
161 quad_t tmin = 999999999;	/* minimum round trip time in millisec */
162 quad_t tmax = 0;		/* maximum round trip time in millisec */
163 quad_t tsum = 0;		/* sum of all times in millisec, for doing average */
164 quad_t tsumsq = 0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
165 
166 int bufspace = IP_MAXPACKET;
167 
168 void fill(char *, char *);
169 void catcher(int signo);
170 void prtsig(int signo);
171 void finish(int signo);
172 void summary(int, int);
173 int in_cksum(u_short *, int);
174 void pinger(void);
175 char *pr_addr(in_addr_t);
176 int check_icmph(struct ip *);
177 void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
178 void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
179 void pr_retip(struct ip *);
180 quad_t qsqrt(quad_t);
181 void pr_iph(struct ip *);
182 void usage(void);
183 
184 int
main(int argc,char * argv[])185 main(int argc, char *argv[])
186 {
187 	struct timeval timeout;
188 	struct hostent *hp;
189 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
190 	struct in_addr saddr;
191 	int i;
192 	int ch, hold = 1, packlen, preload;
193 	int maxsize, fdmasks;
194 	socklen_t maxsizelen;
195 	u_char *datap, *packet;
196 	char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
197 	u_char ttl = MAXTTL, loop = 1;
198 	int df = 0, tos = 0;
199 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
200 	char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];	/* record route space */
201 #endif
202 	fd_set *fdmaskp;
203 	const char *errstr;
204 
205 	if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
206 		err(1, "socket");
207 
208 	/* revoke privs */
209 	seteuid(getuid());
210 	setuid(getuid());
211 
212 	preload = 0;
213 	datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)];
214 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
215 	    "DI:LRS:c:dfi:jl:np:qrs:T:t:vw:")) != -1)
216 		switch(ch) {
217 		case 'c':
218 			npackets = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
219 			if (errstr)
220 				errx(1,
221 				    "number of packets to transmit is %s: %s",
222 				    errstr, optarg);
223 			break;
224 		case 'D':
225 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
226 			df = 1;
227 			break;
228 		case 'd':
229 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
230 			break;
231 		case 'f':
232 			if (getuid())
233 				errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
234 			options |= F_FLOOD;
235 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
236 			break;
237 		case 'I':
238 		case 'S':	/* deprecated */
239 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &saddr) == 0) {
240 				if ((hp = gethostbyname(optarg)) == NULL)
241 					errx(1, "bad interface address: %s",
242 					    optarg);
243 				memcpy(&saddr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(saddr));
244 			}
245 			options |= F_SADDR;
246 			break;
247 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
248 			interval = strtod(optarg, NULL);
249 
250 			if (interval <= 0 || interval >= INT_MAX)
251 				errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg);
252 
253 			if (interval < 1)
254 				if (getuid())
255 					errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
256 					    strerror(EPERM));
257 
258 			if (interval < 0.01)
259 				interval = 0.01;
260 
261 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
262 			break;
263 		case 'j':
264 			options |= F_SO_JUMBO;
265 			break;
266 		case 'L':
267 			moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP;
268 			loop = 0;
269 			break;
270 		case 'l':
271 			if (getuid())
272 				errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
273 			preload = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
274 			if (errstr)
275 				errx(1, "preload value is %s: %s",
276 				    errstr, optarg);
277 			break;
278 		case 'n':
279 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
280 			break;
281 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
282 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
283 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
284 				break;
285 		case 'q':
286 			options |= F_QUIET;
287 			break;
288 		case 'R':
289 			options |= F_RROUTE;
290 			break;
291 		case 'r':
292 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
293 			break;
294 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
295 			datalen = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXPAYLOAD, &errstr);
296 			if (errstr)
297 				errx(1, "packet size is %s: %s",
298 				    errstr, optarg);
299 			break;
300 		case 'T':
301 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
302 			tos = strtonum(optarg, 0, 0xff, &errstr);
303 			if (errstr)
304 				errx(1, "tos value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
305 			break;
306 		case 't':
307 			options |= F_TTL;
308 			ttl = strtonum(optarg, 1, 255, &errstr);
309 			if (errstr)
310 				errx(1, "ttl value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
311 			break;
312 		case 'v':
313 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
314 			break;
315 		case 'w':
316 			maxwait = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
317 			if (errstr)
318 				errx(1, "maxwait value is %s: %s",
319 				    errstr, optarg);
320 			break;
321 		default:
322 			usage();
323 		}
324 	argc -= optind;
325 	argv += optind;
326 
327 	if (argc != 1)
328 		usage();
329 
330 	memset(&interstr, 0, sizeof(interstr));
331 
332 	interstr.it_value.tv_sec = (long) interval;
333 	interstr.it_value.tv_usec =
334 		(long) ((interval - interstr.it_value.tv_sec) * 1000000);
335 
336 	target = *argv;
337 
338 	memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
339 	to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
340 	to->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
341 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
342 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0)
343 		hostname = target;
344 	else {
345 		hp = gethostbyname(target);
346 		if (!hp)
347 			errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target);
348 		to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
349 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
350 		(void)strlcpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf));
351 		hostname = hnamebuf;
352 	}
353 
354 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
355 		errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible");
356 
357 	if (datalen >= sizeof(struct tvi))	/* can we time transfer */
358 		timing = 1;
359 	packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
360 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
361 		err(1, "malloc");
362 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
363 		for (i = sizeof(struct tvi); i < datalen; ++i)
364 			*datap++ = i;
365 
366 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
367 
368 	if (options & F_SADDR) {
369 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
370 			moptions |= MULTICAST_IF;
371 		else {
372 			memset(&whence, 0, sizeof(whence));
373 			whence.sin_len = sizeof(whence);
374 			whence.sin_family = AF_INET;
375 			memcpy(&whence.sin_addr.s_addr, &saddr, sizeof(saddr));
376 			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&whence,
377 			    sizeof(whence)) < 0)
378 				err(1, "bind");
379 		}
380 	}
381 
382 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
383 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
384 		    sizeof(hold));
385 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
386 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
387 		    sizeof(hold));
388 	if (options & F_SO_JUMBO)
389 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_JUMBO, (char *)&hold,
390 		    sizeof(hold));
391 
392 	if (options & F_TTL) {
393 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
394 			moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL;
395 		else
396 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
397 	}
398 
399 	if (options & F_RROUTE && options & F_HDRINCL)
400 		errx(1, "-R option and -D or -T, or -t to unicast destinations"
401 		    " are incompatible");
402 
403 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
404 		struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
405 
406 		setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
407 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
408 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
409 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
410 		ip->ip_id = 0;
411 		ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
412 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
413 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
414 		if (options & F_SADDR)
415 			ip->ip_src = saddr;
416 		else
417 			ip->ip_src.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
418 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
419 	}
420 
421 	/* record route option */
422 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
423 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
424 			errx(1, "record route not valid to multicast destinations");
425 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
426 		memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
427 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
428 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
429 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
430 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
431 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
432 			perror("ping: record route");
433 			exit(1);
434 		}
435 #else
436 		errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation");
437 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
438 	}
439 
440 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) &&
441 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
442 	    sizeof(loop)) < 0)
443 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
444 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) &&
445 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl,
446 	    sizeof(ttl)) < 0)
447 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
448 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) &&
449 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &saddr,
450 	    sizeof(saddr)) < 0)
451 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
452 
453 	/*
454 	 * When trying to send large packets, you must increase the
455 	 * size of both the send and receive buffers...
456 	 */
457 	maxsizelen = sizeof maxsize;
458 	if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &maxsize, &maxsizelen) < 0)
459 		err(1, "getsockopt");
460 	if (maxsize < packlen &&
461 	    setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(maxsize)) < 0)
462 		err(1, "setsockopt");
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
466 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
467 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
468 	 * /etc/ethers.
469 	 */
470 	while (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
471 	    (void*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)) < 0) {
472 		if ((bufspace -= 1024) <= 0)
473 			err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size");
474 	}
475 	if (bufspace < IP_MAXPACKET)
476 		warnx("Could only allocate a receive buffer of %i bytes (default %i)",
477 		    bufspace, IP_MAXPACKET);
478 
479 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
480 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
481 		    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
482 		    datalen);
483 	else
484 		(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
485 
486 	(void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
487 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
488 #ifdef SIGINFO
489 	(void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig);
490 #endif
491 
492 	while (preload--)		/* fire off them quickies */
493 		pinger();
494 
495 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
496 		catcher(0);		/* start things going */
497 
498 	fdmasks = howmany(s+1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
499 	if ((fdmaskp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
500 		err(1, "malloc");
501 
502 	for (;;) {
503 		struct sockaddr_in from;
504 		sigset_t omask, nmask;
505 		socklen_t fromlen;
506 		int cc;
507 
508 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
509 			pinger();
510 			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
511 			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
512 			memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
513 			FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
514 			if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)fdmaskp, (fd_set *)NULL,
515 			    (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
516 				continue;
517 		}
518 		fromlen = sizeof(from);
519 		if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
520 		    (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
521 			if (errno == EINTR)
522 				continue;
523 			perror("ping: recvfrom");
524 			continue;
525 		}
526 		sigemptyset(&nmask);
527 		sigaddset(&nmask, SIGALRM);
528 		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nmask, &omask);
529 		pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
530 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
531 		if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
532 			break;
533 	}
534 	free(fdmaskp);
535 	finish(0);
536 	/* NOTREACHED */
537 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
538 }
539 
540 /*
541  * catcher --
542  *	This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
543  * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
544  *
545  * bug --
546  *	Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
547  * launched exactly at 1-second intervals).  This does not affect the
548  * quality of the delay and loss statistics.
549  */
550 /* ARGSUSED */
551 void
catcher(int signo)552 catcher(int signo)
553 {
554 	int save_errno = errno;
555 	unsigned int waittime;
556 
557 	pinger();
558 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
559 	if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
560 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &interstr, (struct itimerval *)0);
561 	else {
562 		if (nreceived) {
563 			waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000000;
564 			if (!waittime)
565 				waittime = 1;
566 		} else
567 			waittime = maxwait;
568 		(void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
569 		(void)alarm(waittime);
570 	}
571 	errno = save_errno;
572 }
573 
574 /*
575  * Print statistics when SIGINFO is received.
576  * XXX not race safe
577  */
578 /* ARGSUSED */
579 void
prtsig(int signo)580 prtsig(int signo)
581 {
582 	int save_errno = errno;
583 
584 	summary(0, 1);
585 	errno = save_errno;
586 }
587 
588 /*
589  * pinger --
590  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
591  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
592  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
593  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
594  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
595  */
596 void
pinger(void)597 pinger(void)
598 {
599 	struct icmp *icp;
600 	char buf[8192];
601 	int cc, i;
602 	u_char *packet = outpack;
603 
604 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
605 	icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
606 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
607 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
608 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
609 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
610 
611 	CLR(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
612 
613 	if (timing) {
614 		struct timeval tv;
615 		struct tvi tvi;
616 
617 		(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
618 		tvi.tv_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
619 		tvi.tv_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
620 		memcpy((u_int *)&outpack[8], &tvi, sizeof tvi);
621 	}
622 
623 	cc = datalen + 8;			/* skips ICMP portion */
624 
625 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
626 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
627 
628 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
629 		struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
630 
631 		packet = (u_char *)ip;
632 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
633 		ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
634 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
635 	}
636 
637 	i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, &whereto,
638 	    sizeof(struct sockaddr));
639 
640 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
641 		if (i < 0)
642 			perror("ping: sendto");
643 		snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
644 		    hostname, cc, i);
645 		write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf));
646 	}
647 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
648 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
649 
650 	ntransmitted++;
651 }
652 
653 /*
654  * pr_pack --
655  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
656  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
657  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
658  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
659  */
660 void
pr_pack(char * buf,int cc,struct sockaddr_in * from)661 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from)
662 {
663 	struct icmp *icp;
664 	in_addr_t l;
665 	u_int i, j;
666 	u_char *cp, *dp;
667 	static int old_rrlen;
668 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
669 	struct ip *ip, *ip2;
670 	struct timeval tv, tp;
671 	char *pkttime;
672 	quad_t triptime = 0;
673 	int hlen, hlen2, dupflag;
674 
675 	(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
676 
677 	/* Check the IP header */
678 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
679 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
680 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
681 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
682 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
683 			    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
684 		return;
685 	}
686 
687 	/* Now the ICMP part */
688 	cc -= hlen;
689 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
690 	if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
691 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
692 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
693 		++nreceived;
694 		if (timing) {
695 			struct tvi tvi;
696 
697 #ifndef icmp_data
698 			pkttime = (char *)&icp->icmp_ip;
699 #else
700 			pkttime = (char *)icp->icmp_data;
701 #endif
702 			memcpy(&tvi, pkttime, sizeof tvi);
703 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tvi.tv_sec);
704 			tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tvi.tv_usec);
705 
706 			timersub(&tv, &tp, &tv);
707 			triptime = (tv.tv_sec * 1000000) + tv.tv_usec;
708 			tsum += triptime;
709 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
710 			if (triptime < tmin)
711 				tmin = triptime;
712 			if (triptime > tmax)
713 				tmax = triptime;
714 		}
715 
716 		if (TST(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck)) {
717 			++nrepeats;
718 			--nreceived;
719 			dupflag = 1;
720 		} else {
721 			SET(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
722 			dupflag = 0;
723 		}
724 
725 		if (options & F_QUIET)
726 			return;
727 
728 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
729 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
730 		else {
731 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
732 			    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
733 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_seq));
734 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
735 			if (timing)
736 				(void)printf(" time=%d.%03d ms",
737 				    (int)(triptime / 1000),
738 				    (int)(triptime % 1000));
739 			if (dupflag)
740 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
741 			/* check the data */
742 			cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[sizeof(struct tvi)];
743 			dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)];
744 			for (i = 8 + sizeof(struct tvi); i < datalen;
745 			    ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
746 				if (*cp != *dp) {
747 					(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d "
748 					    "should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
749 					    i, *dp, *cp);
750 					cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[0];
751 					for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
752 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
753 							(void)printf("\n\t");
754 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
755 					}
756 					break;
757 				}
758 			}
759 		}
760 	} else {
761 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
762 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
763 			return;
764 		ip2 = (struct ip *) (buf + hlen + sizeof (struct icmp));
765 		hlen2 = ip2->ip_hl << 2;
766 		if (cc >= hlen2 + 8 && check_icmph((struct ip *)(icp +
767 		    sizeof (struct icmp))) != 1)
768 			return;
769 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
770 		    pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
771 		pr_icmph(icp);
772 	}
773 
774 	/* Display any IP options */
775 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
776 
777 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
778 		switch (*cp) {
779 		case IPOPT_EOL:
780 			hlen = 0;
781 			break;
782 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
783 			(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
784 			hlen -= 2;
785 			j = *++cp;
786 			++cp;
787 			i = 0;
788 			if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) {
789 				for (;;) {
790 					l = *++cp;
791 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
792 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
793 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
794 					if (l == 0)
795 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
796 					else
797 						(void)printf("\t%s",
798 						    pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
799 					hlen -= 4;
800 					j -= 4;
801 					i += 4;
802 					if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
803 						break;
804 					if (i >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
805 						(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
806 						break;
807 					}
808 					(void)putchar('\n');
809 				}
810 			}
811 			break;
812 		case IPOPT_RR:
813 			j = *++cp;		/* get length */
814 			i = *++cp;		/* and pointer */
815 			hlen -= 2;
816 			if (i > j)
817 				i = j;
818 			i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
819 			if (i <= 0)
820 				continue;
821 			if (i == old_rrlen &&
822 			    cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 &&
823 			    !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) &&
824 			    !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
825 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
826 				i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
827 				hlen -= i;
828 				cp += i;
829 				break;
830 			}
831 			if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
832 				old_rrlen = i;
833 				memcpy(old_rr, cp, i);
834 			} else
835 				old_rrlen = 0;
836 
837 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
838 			j = 0;
839 			for (;;) {
840 				l = *++cp;
841 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
842 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
843 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
844 				if (l == 0)
845 					(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
846 				else
847 					(void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
848 				hlen -= 4;
849 				i -= 4;
850 				j += 4;
851 				if (i <= 0)
852 					break;
853 				if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
854 					(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
855 					break;
856 				}
857 				(void)putchar('\n');
858 			}
859 			break;
860 		case IPOPT_NOP:
861 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
862 			break;
863 		default:
864 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
865 			hlen = hlen - (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1);
866 			cp = cp + (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1);
867 			break;
868 		}
869 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
870 		(void)putchar('\n');
871 		(void)fflush(stdout);
872 	}
873 }
874 
875 /*
876  * in_cksum --
877  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
878  */
879 int
in_cksum(u_short * addr,int len)880 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
881 {
882 	int nleft = len;
883 	u_short *w = addr;
884 	int sum = 0;
885 	u_short answer = 0;
886 
887 	/*
888 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
889 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
890 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
891 	 */
892 	while (nleft > 1)  {
893 		sum += *w++;
894 		nleft -= 2;
895 	}
896 
897 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
898 	if (nleft == 1) {
899 		*(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
900 		sum += answer;
901 	}
902 
903 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
904 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
905 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
906 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
907 	return(answer);
908 }
909 
910 void
summary(int header,int sig)911 summary(int header, int sig)
912 {
913 	char buf[8192], buft[8192];
914 
915 	buf[0] = '\0';
916 
917 	if (!sig) {
918 		(void)putchar('\r');
919 		(void)fflush(stdout);
920 	} else
921 		strlcat(buf, "\r", sizeof buf);
922 
923 	if (header) {
924 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "--- %s ping statistics ---\n",
925 		    hostname);
926 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
927 	}
928 
929 	snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
930 	strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
931 	snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
932 	strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
933 
934 	if (nrepeats) {
935 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
936 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
937 	}
938 	if (ntransmitted) {
939 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
940 			snprintf(buft, sizeof buft,
941 			    "-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
942 		else
943 			snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%.1f%% packet loss",
944 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
945 			    ntransmitted));
946 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
947 	}
948 	strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
949 	if (nreceived && timing) {
950 		quad_t num = nreceived + nrepeats;
951 		quad_t avg = tsum / num;
952 		quad_t dev = qsqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
953 
954 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = "
955 		    "%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d ms\n",
956 		    (int)(tmin / 1000), (int)(tmin % 1000),
957 		    (int)(avg  / 1000), (int)(avg  % 1000),
958 		    (int)(tmax / 1000), (int)(tmax % 1000),
959 		    (int)(dev  / 1000), (int)(dev  % 1000));
960 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
961 	}
962 	write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf));		/* XXX atomicio? */
963 }
964 
965 quad_t
qsqrt(quad_t qdev)966 qsqrt(quad_t qdev)
967 {
968 	quad_t y, x = 1;
969 
970 	if (!qdev)
971 		return(0);
972 
973 	do { /* newton was a stinker */
974 		y = x;
975 		x = qdev / x;
976 		x += y;
977 		x /= 2;
978 	} while ((x - y) > 1 || (x - y) < -1);
979 
980 	return(x);
981 }
982 
983 /*
984  * finish --
985  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
986  */
987 void
finish(int signo)988 finish(int signo)
989 {
990 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
991 
992 	summary(1, 0);
993 	if (signo)
994 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1);
995 	else
996 		exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1);
997 }
998 
999 #ifdef notdef
1000 static char *ttab[] = {
1001 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1002 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1003 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1004 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1005 	"Echo",
1006 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1007 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1008 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1009 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1010 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1011 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1012 };
1013 #endif
1014 
1015 /*
1016  * pr_icmph --
1017  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1018  */
1019 void
pr_icmph(struct icmp * icp)1020 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1021 {
1022 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1023 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1024 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1025 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1026 		break;
1027 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1028 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1029 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1030 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1031 			break;
1032 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1033 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1034 			break;
1035 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1036 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1037 			break;
1038 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1039 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1040 			break;
1041 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1042 			if (icp->icmp_nextmtu != 0)
1043 				(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1044 				    ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1045 			else
1046 				(void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
1047 			break;
1048 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1049 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1050 			break;
1051 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
1052 			(void)printf("Network Unknown\n");
1053 			break;
1054 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
1055 			(void)printf("Host Unknown\n");
1056 			break;
1057 		case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
1058 			(void)printf("Source Isolated\n");
1059 			break;
1060 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB:
1061 			(void)printf("Dest. Net Administratively Prohibited\n");
1062 			break;
1063 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
1064 			(void)printf("Dest. Host Administratively Prohibited\n");
1065 			break;
1066 		case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
1067 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable for TOS\n");
1068 			break;
1069 		case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
1070 			(void)printf("Desination Host Unreachable for TOS\n");
1071 			break;
1072 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1073 			(void)printf("Route administratively prohibited\n");
1074 			break;
1075 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE:
1076 			(void)printf("Host Precedence Violation\n");
1077 			break;
1078 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF:
1079 			(void)printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
1080 			break;
1081 		default:
1082 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n",
1083 			    icp->icmp_code);
1084 			break;
1085 		}
1086 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1087 #ifndef icmp_data
1088 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1089 #else
1090 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1091 #endif
1092 		break;
1093 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1094 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1095 #ifndef icmp_data
1096 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1097 #else
1098 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1099 #endif
1100 		break;
1101 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1102 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1103 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1104 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1105 			break;
1106 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1107 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1108 			break;
1109 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1110 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1111 			break;
1112 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1113 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1114 			break;
1115 		default:
1116 			(void)printf("Redirect, Unknown Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1117 			break;
1118 		}
1119 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n",
1120 		    inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1121 #ifndef icmp_data
1122 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1123 #else
1124 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1125 #endif
1126 		break;
1127 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1128 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1129 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1130 		break;
1131 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1132 		/* RFC1256 */
1133 		(void)printf("Router Discovery Advertisement\n");
1134 		(void)printf("(%d entries, lifetime %d seconds)\n",
1135 		    icp->icmp_num_addrs, ntohs(icp->icmp_lifetime));
1136 		break;
1137 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1138 		/* RFC1256 */
1139 		(void)printf("Router Discovery Solicitation\n");
1140 		break;
1141 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1142 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1143 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1144 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1145 			break;
1146 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1147 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1148 			break;
1149 		default:
1150 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Unknown Code: %d\n",
1151 			    icp->icmp_code);
1152 			break;
1153 		}
1154 #ifndef icmp_data
1155 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1156 #else
1157 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1158 #endif
1159 		break;
1160 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1161 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1162 		case ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT:
1163 			(void)printf("Parameter problem, required option "
1164 			    "absent: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1165 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
1166 			break;
1167 		default:
1168 			(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1169 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
1170 			break;
1171 		}
1172 #ifndef icmp_data
1173 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1174 #else
1175 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1176 #endif
1177 		break;
1178 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1179 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1180 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1181 		break;
1182 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1183 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1184 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1185 		break;
1186 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1187 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1188 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1189 		break;
1190 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1191 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1192 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1193 		break;
1194 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
1195 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1196 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1197 		break;
1198 #endif
1199 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
1200 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1201 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply (Mask 0x%08x)\n",
1202 		    ntohl(icp->icmp_mask));
1203 		break;
1204 #endif
1205 	default:
1206 		(void)printf("Unknown ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1207 	}
1208 }
1209 
1210 /*
1211  * pr_iph --
1212  *	Print an IP header with options.
1213  */
1214 void
pr_iph(struct ip * ip)1215 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1216 {
1217 	int hlen;
1218 	u_char *cp;
1219 
1220 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1221 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1222 
1223 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst Data\n");
1224 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1225 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
1226 	(void)printf("   %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1227 	    (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1228 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
1229 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1230 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1231 	/* dump and option bytes */
1232 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1233 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1234 	}
1235 	(void)putchar('\n');
1236 }
1237 
1238 /*
1239  * pr_addr --
1240  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1241  * a hostname.
1242  */
1243 char *
pr_addr(in_addr_t a)1244 pr_addr(in_addr_t a)
1245 {
1246 	struct hostent *hp;
1247 	struct in_addr in;
1248 	static char buf[16+3+MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1249 
1250 	in.s_addr = a;
1251 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1252 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in.s_addr, sizeof(in.s_addr), AF_INET)))
1253 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(in));
1254 	else
1255 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1256 		    inet_ntoa(in));
1257 	return(buf);
1258 }
1259 
1260 /*
1261  * pr_retip --
1262  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1263  */
1264 void
pr_retip(struct ip * ip)1265 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1266 {
1267 	int hlen;
1268 	u_char *cp;
1269 
1270 	pr_iph(ip);
1271 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1272 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1273 
1274 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1275 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1276 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1277 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1278 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1279 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1280 }
1281 
1282 void
fill(char * bp,char * patp)1283 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1284 {
1285 	int ii, jj, kk;
1286 	int pat[16];
1287 	char *cp;
1288 
1289 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
1290 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1291 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1292 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1293 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1294 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1295 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1296 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1297 
1298 	if (ii > 0)
1299 		for (kk = 0;
1300 		    kk <= MAXPAYLOAD - (8 + sizeof(struct tvi) + ii);
1301 		    kk += ii)
1302 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1303 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1304 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1305 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1306 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1307 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1308 		(void)printf("\n");
1309 	}
1310 }
1311 
1312 /*
1313  * when we get types of ICMP message with parts of the orig. datagram
1314  * we want to try to assure ourselves that it is from this instance
1315  * of ping, and not say, a refused finger connection or something
1316  */
1317 int
check_icmph(struct ip * iph)1318 check_icmph(struct ip *iph)
1319 {
1320 	struct icmp *icmph;
1321 
1322 	/* only allow IP version 4 */
1323 	if (iph->ip_v != 4)
1324 		return 0;
1325 
1326 	/* Only allow ICMP */
1327 	if (iph->ip_p != IPPROTO_ICMP)
1328 		return 0;
1329 
1330 	icmph = (struct icmp *) (iph + (4 * iph->ip_hl));
1331 
1332 	/* make sure it is in response to an ECHO request */
1333 	if (icmph->icmp_type != 8)
1334 		return 0;
1335 
1336 	/* ok, make sure it has the right id on it */
1337 	if (icmph->icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_id != ident)
1338 		return 0;
1339 
1340 	return 1;
1341 }
1342 
1343 void
usage(void)1344 usage(void)
1345 {
1346 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1347 	    "usage: ping [-DdfjLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait]\n"
1348 	    "\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-T tos] [-t ttl]\n"
1349 	    "\t[-w maxwait] host\n");
1350 	exit(1);
1351 }
1352