1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30 "$FreeBSD: stable/12/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c 373330 2024-12-12 22:45:14Z jrtc27 $";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #ifdef MAKEFS
35 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */
36 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h>
37 #else
38 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
39 #include <sys/disk.h>
40 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
41 #include <sys/mount.h>
42 #endif
43 #include <sys/stat.h>
44 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
45 #include <sys/time.h>
46
47 #include <assert.h>
48 #include <ctype.h>
49 #include <err.h>
50 #include <errno.h>
51 #include <fcntl.h>
52 #include <inttypes.h>
53 #include <paths.h>
54 #include <signal.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <time.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60
61 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
62
63 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
64 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
65 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
66
67 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
68 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
69 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */
70 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
71 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
72 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
73 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
74 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
75 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
76 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
77 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
78 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
79 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
80 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
81 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
82
83 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
84 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
85 MINCLS32)
86
87 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
88 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
89 MAXCLS32)
90
91 #define mk1(p, x) \
92 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
93
94 #define mk2(p, x) \
95 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
96 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
97
98 #define mk4(p, x) \
99 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
100 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
101 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
102 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
103
104 struct bs {
105 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
106 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
107 } __packed;
108
109 struct bsbpb {
110 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
111 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
112 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
113 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
114 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
115 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
116 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
117 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
118 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
119 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
120 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
121 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
122 } __packed;
123
124 struct bsxbpb {
125 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
126 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
127 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
128 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
129 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
130 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
131 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
132 } __packed;
133
134 struct bsx {
135 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
136 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
137 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
138 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
139 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
140 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
141 } __packed;
142
143 struct de {
144 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
145 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
146 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
147 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
148 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
149 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
150 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
151 } __packed;
152
153 struct bpb {
154 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
155 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
156 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
157 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
158 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
159 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
160 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
161 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
162 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
163 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
164 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
165 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
166 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
167 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
168 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
169 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
170 };
171
172 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
173
174 static struct {
175 const char *name;
176 struct bpb bpb;
177 } const stdfmt[] = {
178 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
179 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
180 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
181 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
182 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
183 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
184 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
185 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
186 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
187 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
188 };
189
190 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
191 0xfa, /* cli */
192 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
193 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
194 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
195 0xfb, /* sti */
196 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
197 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
198 0x5e, /* pop si */
199 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
200 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
201 0xfc, /* cld */
202 0xac, /* lodsb */
203 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
204 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
205 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
206 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
207 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
208 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
209 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
210 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
211 0x0d, 0x0a,
212 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
213 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
214 0x0d, 0x0a,
215 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
216 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
217 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
218 0x0d, 0x0a,
219 0
220 };
221
222 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
223 static void infohandler(int);
224
225 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
226 static ssize_t getchunksize(void);
227 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
228 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
229 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
230 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
231 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
232 static int oklabel(const char *);
233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
234
235 int
mkfs_msdos(const char * fname,const char * dtype,const struct msdos_options * op)236 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
237 {
238 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
239 struct sigaction si_sa;
240 struct stat sb;
241 struct timeval tv;
242 struct bpb bpb;
243 struct tm *tm;
244 struct bs *bs;
245 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
246 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
247 struct bsx *bsx;
248 struct de *de;
249 u_int8_t *img;
250 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end;
251 const char *bname;
252 ssize_t n;
253 time_t now;
254 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
255 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
256 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
257 int fd, fd1, rv;
258 struct msdos_options o = *op;
259 ssize_t chunksize;
260
261 physbuf = NULL;
262 rv = -1;
263 fd = fd1 = -1;
264
265 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
266 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
267 goto done;
268 }
269 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
270 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
271 goto done;
272 }
273 if (o.create_size) {
274 if (o.no_create) {
275 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
276 goto done;
277 }
278 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
279 if (fd == -1) {
280 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
281 goto done;
282 }
283 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
284 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
285 goto done;
286 }
287 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
288 warn("%s", fname);
289 goto done;
290 }
291 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
292 warn("%s", fname);
293 goto done;
294 }
295 if (o.create_size) {
296 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
297 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
298 } else {
299 #ifdef MAKEFS
300 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!");
301 #else
302 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
303 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
304 #endif
305 }
306 #ifndef MAKEFS
307 if (!o.no_create)
308 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
309 goto done;
310 #endif
311 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
312 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
313 goto done;
314 }
315 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
316 if (o.floppy) {
317 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
318 goto done;
319 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
320 bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
321 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
322 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
323 }
324 if (o.drive_heads)
325 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
326 if (o.sectors_per_track)
327 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
328 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
329 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
330 if (o.size)
331 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
332 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
333 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
334 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
335 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
336 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1)
337 goto done;
338 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
339 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
340 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
341 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
342 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
343 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
344 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
345 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
346 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
347 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
348 else
349 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
350 }
351 }
352 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS ||
353 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS ||
354 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
355 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096",
356 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
357 goto done;
358 }
359
360 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
361 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
362 goto done;
363 }
364 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
365 if (o.floppy)
366 fat = 12;
367 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
368 fat = 32;
369 }
370 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
371 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
372 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
373 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
374 goto done;
375 }
376 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
377 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
378 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
379 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
380 goto done;
381 }
382
383 if (o.block_size) {
384 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
385 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
386 goto done;
387 }
388 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
389 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
390 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
391 goto done;
392 }
393 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
394 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
395 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
396 goto done;
397 }
398 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
399 }
400 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
401 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
402 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
403 o.sectors_per_cluster);
404 goto done;
405 }
406 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
407 }
408 if (o.reserved_sectors)
409 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
410 if (o.num_FAT) {
411 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
412 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
413 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
414 goto done;
415 }
416 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
417 }
418 if (o.directory_entries)
419 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
420 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
421 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
422 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
423 goto done;
424 }
425 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
426 }
427 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
428 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
429 if (o.info_sector)
430 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
431 if (o.backup_sector)
432 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
433 bss = 1;
434 bname = NULL;
435 fd1 = -1;
436 if (o.bootstrap) {
437 bname = o.bootstrap;
438 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
439 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
440 bname = buf;
441 }
442 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
443 warn("%s", bname);
444 goto done;
445 }
446 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
447 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
448 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
449 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
450 goto done;
451 }
452 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
453 }
454 if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
455 bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
456 if (!fat) {
457 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
458 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
459 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
460 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
461 bpb.bpbFATs +
462 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
463 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
464 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
465 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
466 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
467 fat = 12;
468 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
469 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
470 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
471 bpb.bpbFATs +
472 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
473 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
474 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
475 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
476 fat = 16;
477 else
478 fat = 32;
479 }
480 x = bss;
481 if (fat == 32) {
482 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
483 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
484 warnx("no room for info sector");
485 goto done;
486 }
487 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
488 }
489 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
490 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
491 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
492 if (x == MAXU16) {
493 warnx("no room for backup sector");
494 goto done;
495 }
496 bpb.bpbBackup = x;
497 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
498 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
499 goto done;
500 }
501 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
502 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
503 }
504
505 extra_res = 0;
506 alignment = 0;
507 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
508 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
509 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
510 saved_x = x;
511
512 /*
513 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
514 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
515 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
516 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
517 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
518 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
519 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
520 */
521 do {
522 x = saved_x;
523 if (set_res)
524 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
525 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
526 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
527 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
528 bpb.bpbResSectors);
529 goto done;
530 }
531 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
532 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
533 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
534 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
535 if (set_spc) {
536 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
537 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
538 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
539 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
540 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
541 rds +
542 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
543 bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
544 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
545 continue;
546
547 }
548 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
549 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
550 goto done;
551 }
552 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
553 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
554 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
555 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
556 goto done;
557 }
558 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
559 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
560 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
561 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
562 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
563 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
564 if (set_spf) {
565 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
566 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
567 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
568 }
569 if (set_res) {
570 /* attempt to align root directory */
571 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
572 bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
573 if (o.align)
574 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
575 }
576 attempts++;
577 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
578 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
579 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
580
581 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
582 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
583 RESFTE;
584 if (cls > x)
585 cls = x;
586 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
587 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
588 cls);
589 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
590 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
591 mincls(fat));
592 goto done;
593 }
594 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
595 cls = maxcls(fat);
596 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
597 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
599 }
600 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
601 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
602 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
603 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
604 if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
605 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
606 if (fat == 32)
607 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
608 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
609 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
610 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
611 }
612 if (fat != 32) {
613 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
614 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
615 }
616 print_bpb(&bpb);
617 if (!o.no_create) {
618 if (o.timestamp_set) {
619 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
620 tv.tv_usec = 0;
621 tm = gmtime(&now);
622 } else {
623 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
624 now = tv.tv_sec;
625 tm = localtime(&now);
626 }
627
628 chunksize = getchunksize();
629 physbuf = malloc(chunksize);
630 if (physbuf == NULL) {
631 warn(NULL);
632 goto done;
633 }
634 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize;
635 img = physbuf;
636
637 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
638 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
639 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
640 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
641 #ifdef SIGINFO
642 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
643 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
644 goto done;
645 }
646 #endif
647 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
648 if (got_siginfo) {
649 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
650 fname, lsn,
651 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
652 (lsn * 100) / (dir +
653 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
654 got_siginfo = 0;
655 }
656 x = lsn;
657 if (o.bootstrap &&
658 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
659 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
660 x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
661 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
662 warn("%s", bname);
663 goto done;
664 }
665 }
666 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
667 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
668 warn("%s", bname);
669 goto done;
670 }
671 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
672 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
673 goto done;
674 }
675 } else
676 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
677 if (!lsn ||
678 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
679 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
680 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
681 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
683 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
685 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
687 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
688 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
689 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
690 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
691 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
692 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
693 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
694 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
695 if (fat == 32) {
696 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
697 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
698 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
699 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
700 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
701 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
702 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
703 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
704 }
705 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
706 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
707 if (o.volume_id_set)
708 x = o.volume_id;
709 else
710 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
711 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
712 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
713 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
714 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
715 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
716 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
717 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
718 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
719 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
720 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
721 if (!o.bootstrap) {
722 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
723 bs = (struct bs *)img;
724 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
725 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
726 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
727 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
728 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
729 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
730 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
731 }
732 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
733 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
734 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
735 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
736 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
737 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
738 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
739 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
740 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
741 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
742 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
743 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
744 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
745 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
746 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
747 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
748 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
749 de = (struct de *)img;
750 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
751 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
752 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
753 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
754 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
755 mk2(de->deMTime, x);
756 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
757 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
758 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
759 mk2(de->deMDate, x);
760 }
761 /*
762 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected
763 * enough sectors.
764 */
765 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
766 if (img >= physbuf_end) {
767 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize);
768 if (n != chunksize) {
769 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
770 goto done;
771 }
772 img = physbuf;
773 }
774 }
775 /*
776 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end
777 * up filling a whole chunk.
778 */
779 if (img != physbuf) {
780 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf;
781
782 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize);
783 if (n != tailsize) {
784 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
785 goto done;
786 }
787 }
788 }
789 rv = 0;
790 done:
791 free(physbuf);
792 if (fd != -1)
793 close(fd);
794 if (fd1 != -1)
795 close(fd1);
796
797 return rv;
798 }
799
800 /*
801 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
802 */
803 static int
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)804 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
805 {
806 /*
807 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should
808 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images.
809 */
810 #if !defined(MAKEFS)
811 struct statfs *mp;
812 const char *s1, *s2;
813 size_t len;
814 int n, r;
815
816 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
817 warn("getmntinfo");
818 return -1;
819 }
820 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
821 s1 = fname;
822 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
823 s1 += len;
824 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
825 for (; n--; mp++) {
826 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
827 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
828 s2 += len;
829 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
830 !strcmp(s1, s2)) {
831 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
832 return -1;
833 }
834 }
835 #endif
836 return 0;
837 }
838
839 /*
840 * Get optimal I/O size
841 */
842 static ssize_t
getchunksize(void)843 getchunksize(void)
844 {
845 static int chunksize;
846
847 if (chunksize != 0)
848 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
849
850 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS
851 int mib[2];
852 size_t len;
853
854 mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
855 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS;
856 len = sizeof(chunksize);
857
858 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
859 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS);
860 chunksize = 0;
861 }
862 #endif
863 if (chunksize == 0)
864 chunksize = MAXPHYS;
865
866 /*
867 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of
868 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096
869 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of
870 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the
871 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS.
872 */
873 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2");
874 assert(powerof2(chunksize));
875 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS);
876
877 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
878 }
879
880 /*
881 * Get a standard format.
882 */
883 static int
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)884 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
885 {
886 u_int x, i;
887
888 x = nitems(stdfmt);
889 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
890 if (i == x) {
891 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
892 return -1;
893 }
894 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
895 return 0;
896 }
897
898 static void
compute_geometry_from_file(int fd,const char * fname,struct disklabel * lp)899 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp)
900 {
901 struct stat st;
902 off_t ms;
903
904 if (fstat(fd, &st))
905 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
906 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
907 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname);
908 ms = st.st_size;
909 lp->d_secsize = 512;
910 lp->d_nsectors = 63;
911 lp->d_ntracks = 255;
912 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize;
913 }
914
915 /*
916 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
917 */
918 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)919 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
920 struct bpb *bpb)
921 {
922 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
923 off_t hs = 0;
924 #ifndef MAKEFS
925 off_t ms;
926 struct fd_type type;
927
928 lp = NULL;
929
930 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
931 if (dtype != NULL) {
932 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
933 }
934
935 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
936 if (lp == NULL) {
937 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
938 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
939 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
940 lp = &dlp;
941 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
942 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
943 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
944 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
945 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
946 lp = &dlp;
947 }
948 }
949
950 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
951 if (lp == NULL) {
952 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
953 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
954 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
955 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
956 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
957
958 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
959
960 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
961 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
962 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
963 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
964 }
965 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
966 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
967 warn("cannot get number of heads");
968 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
969 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
970 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
971 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
972 else
973 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
974 }
975
976 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
977 lp = &dlp;
978 }
979 #else
980 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */
981 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
982 lp = &dlp;
983 #endif
984
985 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
986 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
987 return -1;
988 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
989 }
990 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
991 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
992 return -1;
993 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
994 }
995 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
996 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
997 return -1;
998 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
999 }
1000 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
1001 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
1002 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
1003 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
1004 return 0;
1005 }
1006
1007 /*
1008 * Print out BPB values.
1009 */
1010 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)1011 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
1012 {
1013 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
1014 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
1015 bpb->bpbFATs);
1016 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
1017 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
1018 if (bpb->bpbSectors)
1019 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
1020 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
1021 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
1022 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
1023 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
1024 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
1025 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
1026 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
1027 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
1028 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
1029 bpb->bpbRootClust);
1030 printf(" FSInfo=");
1031 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
1032 printf(" Backup=");
1033 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
1034 }
1035 printf("\n");
1036 }
1037
1038 /*
1039 * Check a disk geometry value.
1040 */
1041 static int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)1042 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
1043 {
1044 if (!val) {
1045 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1046 return -1;
1047 }
1048 if (val > MAXU16) {
1049 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1050 return -1;
1051 }
1052 return 0;
1053 }
1054
1055 /*
1056 * Check a volume label.
1057 */
1058 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1059 oklabel(const char *src)
1060 {
1061 int c, i;
1062
1063 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1064 c = (u_char)*src++;
1065 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1066 break;
1067 }
1068 return i && !c;
1069 }
1070
1071 /*
1072 * Make a volume label.
1073 */
1074 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1075 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1076 {
1077 int c, i;
1078
1079 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1080 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1081 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1082 }
1083 }
1084
1085 /*
1086 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1087 */
1088 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1089 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1090 {
1091 while (len--)
1092 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1093 }
1094
1095 static void
infohandler(int sig __unused)1096 infohandler(int sig __unused)
1097 {
1098
1099 got_siginfo = 1;
1100 }
1101