ExecutionEngine/JITLink/ELFLinkGraphBuilder.h

//===------- ELFLinkGraphBuilder.h - ELF LinkGraph builder ------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Generic ELF LinkGraph building code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LIB_EXECUTIONENGINE_JITLINK_ELFLINKGRAPHBUILDER_H
#define LIB_EXECUTIONENGINE_JITLINK_ELFLINKGRAPHBUILDER_H

#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/JITLink/JITLink.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ELF.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"

#define DEBUG_TYPE "jitlink"

namespace llvm {
namespace jitlink {

/// Common link-graph building code shared between all ELFFiles.
class ELFLinkGraphBuilderBase {
public:
  ELFLinkGraphBuilderBase(std::unique_ptr<LinkGraph> G) : G(std::move(G)) {}
  virtual ~ELFLinkGraphBuilderBase();

protected:
  static bool isDwarfSection(StringRef SectionName) {
    return llvm::is_contained(DwarfSectionNames, SectionName);
  }

  Section &getCommonSection() {
    if (!CommonSection) {
      auto Prot = static_cast<sys::Memory::ProtectionFlags>(
          sys::Memory::MF_READ | sys::Memory::MF_WRITE);
      CommonSection = &G->createSection(CommonSectionName, Prot);
    }
    return *CommonSection;
  }

  std::unique_ptr<LinkGraph> G;

private:
  static StringRef CommonSectionName;
  static ArrayRef<const char *> DwarfSectionNames;

  Section *CommonSection = nullptr;
};

/// Ling-graph building code that's specific to the given ELFT, but common
/// across all architectures.
template <typename ELFT>
class ELFLinkGraphBuilder : public ELFLinkGraphBuilderBase {
  using ELFFile = object::ELFFile<ELFT>;

public:
  ELFLinkGraphBuilder(const object::ELFFile<ELFT> &Obj, Triple TT,
                      StringRef FileName,
                      LinkGraph::GetEdgeKindNameFunction GetEdgeKindName);

  /// Attempt to construct and return the LinkGraph.
  Expected<std::unique_ptr<LinkGraph>> buildGraph();

  /// Call to derived class to handle relocations. These require
  /// architecture specific knowledge to map to JITLink edge kinds.
  virtual Error addRelocations() = 0;

protected:
  using ELFSectionIndex = unsigned;
  using ELFSymbolIndex = unsigned;

  bool isRelocatable() const {
    return Obj.getHeader().e_type == llvm::ELF::ET_REL;
  }

  void setGraphSection(ELFSectionIndex SecIndex, Section &Sec) {
    assert(!GraphSections.count(SecIndex) && "Duplicate section at index");
    GraphSections[SecIndex] = &Sec;
  }

  Section *getGraphSection(ELFSectionIndex SecIndex) {
    auto I = GraphSections.find(SecIndex);
    if (I == GraphSections.end())
      return nullptr;
    return I->second;
  }

  void setGraphSymbol(ELFSymbolIndex SymIndex, Symbol &Sym) {
    assert(!GraphSymbols.count(SymIndex) && "Duplicate symbol at index");
    GraphSymbols[SymIndex] = &Sym;
  }

  Symbol *getGraphSymbol(ELFSymbolIndex SymIndex) {
    auto I = GraphSymbols.find(SymIndex);
    if (I == GraphSymbols.end())
      return nullptr;
    return I->second;
  }

  Expected<std::pair<Linkage, Scope>>
  getSymbolLinkageAndScope(const typename ELFT::Sym &Sym, StringRef Name);

  Error prepare();
  Error graphifySections();
  Error graphifySymbols();

  const ELFFile &Obj;

  typename ELFFile::Elf_Shdr_Range Sections;
  const typename ELFFile::Elf_Shdr *SymTabSec = nullptr;
  StringRef SectionStringTab;

  // Maps ELF section indexes to LinkGraph Sections.
  // Only SHF_ALLOC sections will have graph sections.
  DenseMap<ELFSectionIndex, Section *> GraphSections;
  DenseMap<ELFSymbolIndex, Symbol *> GraphSymbols;
};

template <typename ELFT>
ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::ELFLinkGraphBuilder(
    const ELFFile &Obj, Triple TT, StringRef FileName,
    LinkGraph::GetEdgeKindNameFunction GetEdgeKindName)
    : ELFLinkGraphBuilderBase(std::make_unique<LinkGraph>(
          FileName.str(), Triple(std::move(TT)), ELFT::Is64Bits ? 8 : 4,
          support::endianness(ELFT::TargetEndianness),
          std::move(GetEdgeKindName))),
      Obj(Obj) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(
      { dbgs() << "Created ELFLinkGraphBuilder for \"" << FileName << "\""; });
}

template <typename ELFT>
Expected<std::unique_ptr<LinkGraph>> ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::buildGraph() {
  if (!isRelocatable())
    return make_error<JITLinkError>("Object is not a relocatable ELF file");

  if (auto Err = prepare())
    return std::move(Err);

  if (auto Err = graphifySections())
    return std::move(Err);

  if (auto Err = graphifySymbols())
    return std::move(Err);

  if (auto Err = addRelocations())
    return std::move(Err);

  return std::move(G);
}

template <typename ELFT>
Expected<std::pair<Linkage, Scope>>
ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::getSymbolLinkageAndScope(
    const typename ELFT::Sym &Sym, StringRef Name) {
  Linkage L = Linkage::Strong;
  Scope S = Scope::Default;

  switch (Sym.getBinding()) {
  case ELF::STB_LOCAL:
    S = Scope::Local;
    break;
  case ELF::STB_GLOBAL:
    // Nothing to do here.
    break;
  case ELF::STB_WEAK:
    L = Linkage::Weak;
    break;
  default:
    return make_error<StringError>("Unrecognized symbol binding for " + Name,
                                   inconvertibleErrorCode());
  }

  switch (Sym.getVisibility()) {
  case ELF::STV_DEFAULT:
  case ELF::STV_PROTECTED:
    // FIXME: Make STV_DEFAULT symbols pre-emptible? This probably needs
    // Orc support.
    // Otherwise nothing to do here.
    break;
  case ELF::STV_HIDDEN:
    // Default scope -> Hidden scope. No effect on local scope.
    if (S == Scope::Default)
      S = Scope::Hidden;
    break;
  case ELF::STV_INTERNAL:
    return make_error<StringError>("Unrecognized symbol visibility for " + Name,
                                   inconvertibleErrorCode());
  }

  return std::make_pair(L, S);
}

template <typename ELFT> Error ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::prepare() {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Preparing to build...\n");

  // Get the sections array.
  if (auto SectionsOrErr = Obj.sections())
    Sections = *SectionsOrErr;
  else
    return SectionsOrErr.takeError();

  // Get the section string table.
  if (auto SectionStringTabOrErr = Obj.getSectionStringTable(Sections))
    SectionStringTab = *SectionStringTabOrErr;
  else
    return SectionStringTabOrErr.takeError();

  // Get the SHT_SYMTAB section.
  for (auto &Sec : Sections)
    if (Sec.sh_type == ELF::SHT_SYMTAB) {
      if (!SymTabSec)
        SymTabSec = &Sec;
      else
        return make_error<JITLinkError>("Multiple SHT_SYMTAB sections in " +
                                        G->getName());
    }

  return Error::success();
}

template <typename ELFT> Error ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::graphifySections() {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Creating graph sections...\n");

  // For each section...
  for (ELFSectionIndex SecIndex = 0; SecIndex != Sections.size(); ++SecIndex) {

    auto &Sec = Sections[SecIndex];

    // Start by getting the section name.
    auto Name = Obj.getSectionName(Sec, SectionStringTab);
    if (!Name)
      return Name.takeError();

    // If the name indicates that it's a debug section then skip it: We don't
    // support those yet.
    if (isDwarfSection(*Name)) {
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        dbgs() << "    " << SecIndex << ": \"" << *Name
               << "\" is a debug section: "
                  "No graph section will be created.\n";
      });
      continue;
    }

    // Skip non-SHF_ALLOC sections
    if (!(Sec.sh_flags & ELF::SHF_ALLOC)) {
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        dbgs() << "    " << SecIndex << ": \"" << *Name
               << "\" is not an SHF_ALLOC section: "
                  "No graph section will be created.\n";
      });
      continue;
    }

    LLVM_DEBUG({
      dbgs() << "    " << SecIndex << ": Creating section for \"" << *Name
             << "\"\n";
    });

    // Get the section's memory protection flags.
    sys::Memory::ProtectionFlags Prot;
    if (Sec.sh_flags & ELF::SHF_EXECINSTR)
      Prot = static_cast<sys::Memory::ProtectionFlags>(sys::Memory::MF_READ |
                                                       sys::Memory::MF_EXEC);
    else
      Prot = static_cast<sys::Memory::ProtectionFlags>(sys::Memory::MF_READ |
                                                       sys::Memory::MF_WRITE);

    // For now we just use this to skip the "undefined" section, probably need
    // to revist.
    if (Sec.sh_size == 0)
      continue;

    auto &GraphSec = G->createSection(*Name, Prot);
    if (Sec.sh_type != ELF::SHT_NOBITS) {
      auto Data = Obj.template getSectionContentsAsArray<char>(Sec);
      if (!Data)
        return Data.takeError();

      G->createContentBlock(GraphSec, *Data, Sec.sh_addr, Sec.sh_addralign, 0);
    } else
      G->createZeroFillBlock(GraphSec, Sec.sh_size, Sec.sh_addr,
                             Sec.sh_addralign, 0);

    setGraphSection(SecIndex, GraphSec);
  }

  return Error::success();
}

template <typename ELFT> Error ELFLinkGraphBuilder<ELFT>::graphifySymbols() {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Creating graph symbols...\n");

  // No SYMTAB -- Bail out early.
  if (!SymTabSec)
    return Error::success();

  // Get the section content as a Symbols array.
  auto Symbols = Obj.symbols(SymTabSec);
  if (!Symbols)
    return Symbols.takeError();

  // Get the string table for this section.
  auto StringTab = Obj.getStringTableForSymtab(*SymTabSec, Sections);
  if (!StringTab)
    return StringTab.takeError();

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    StringRef SymTabName;

    if (auto SymTabNameOrErr = Obj.getSectionName(*SymTabSec, SectionStringTab))
      SymTabName = *SymTabNameOrErr;
    else {
      dbgs() << "Could not get ELF SHT_SYMTAB section name for logging: "
             << toString(SymTabNameOrErr.takeError()) << "\n";
      SymTabName = "<SHT_SYMTAB section with invalid name>";
    }

    dbgs() << "    Adding symbols from symtab section \"" << SymTabName
           << "\"\n";
  });

  for (ELFSymbolIndex SymIndex = 0; SymIndex != Symbols->size(); ++SymIndex) {
    auto &Sym = (*Symbols)[SymIndex];

    // Check symbol type.
    switch (Sym.getType()) {
    case ELF::STT_FILE:
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        if (auto Name = Sym.getName(*StringTab))
          dbgs() << "      " << SymIndex << ": Skipping STT_FILE symbol \""
                 << *Name << "\"\n";
        else {
          dbgs() << "Could not get STT_FILE symbol name: "
                 << toString(Name.takeError()) << "\n";
          dbgs() << "     " << SymIndex
                 << ": Skipping STT_FILE symbol with invalid name\n";
        }
      });
      continue;
      break;
    }

    // Get the symbol name.
    auto Name = Sym.getName(*StringTab);
    if (!Name)
      return Name.takeError();

    // Handle common symbols specially.
    if (Sym.isCommon()) {
      Symbol &GSym =
          G->addCommonSymbol(*Name, Scope::Default, getCommonSection(), 0,
                             Sym.st_size, Sym.getValue(), false);
      setGraphSymbol(SymIndex, GSym);
      continue;
    }

    // Map Visibility and Binding to Scope and Linkage:
    Linkage L;
    Scope S;

    if (auto LSOrErr = getSymbolLinkageAndScope(Sym, *Name))
      std::tie(L, S) = *LSOrErr;
    else
      return LSOrErr.takeError();

    if (Sym.isDefined() &&
        (Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_NOTYPE || Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_FUNC ||
         Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_OBJECT ||
         Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_SECTION)) {

      // FIXME: Handle extended tables.
      if (auto *GraphSec = getGraphSection(Sym.st_shndx)) {
        Block *B = nullptr;
        {
          auto Blocks = GraphSec->blocks();
          assert(Blocks.begin() != Blocks.end() && "No blocks for section");
          assert(std::next(Blocks.begin()) == Blocks.end() &&
                 "Multiple blocks for section");
          B = *Blocks.begin();
        }

        LLVM_DEBUG({
          dbgs() << "      " << SymIndex
                 << ": Creating defined graph symbol for ELF symbol \"" << *Name
                 << "\"\n";
        });

        if (Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_SECTION)
          *Name = GraphSec->getName();

        auto &GSym =
            G->addDefinedSymbol(*B, Sym.getValue(), *Name, Sym.st_size, L, S,
                                Sym.getType() == ELF::STT_FUNC, false);
        setGraphSymbol(SymIndex, GSym);
      }
    } else if (Sym.isUndefined() && Sym.isExternal()) {
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        dbgs() << "      " << SymIndex
               << ": Creating external graph symbol for ELF symbol \"" << *Name
               << "\"\n";
      });
      auto &GSym = G->addExternalSymbol(*Name, Sym.st_size, L);
      setGraphSymbol(SymIndex, GSym);
    } else {
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        dbgs() << "      " << SymIndex
               << ": Not creating graph symbol for ELF symbol \"" << *Name
               << "\" with unrecognized type\n";
      });
    }
  }

  return Error::success();
}

} // end namespace jitlink
} // end namespace llvm

#undef DEBUG_TYPE

#endif // LIB_EXECUTIONENGINE_JITLINK_ELFLINKGRAPHBUILDER_H