1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/12 users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
16from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
17the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
18from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19
2020220222:
21	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are supported again, but are no
22	longer unloadable.
23
2420220214:
25	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
26	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
27	entropy:
28
29	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
30	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
31	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
32	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
33	availability properties.
34
35	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
36	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
37	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
38	initial condition, if desired.
39
40	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
41	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
42
43	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
44	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
45	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
46	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
47
48	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
49	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
50	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
51	therefore unblocked).
52
5320211214:
54	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
55	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
56	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
57	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
58
5920210730:
60	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
61	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
62	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
63	past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
64
6520210715:
66	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
67	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
68	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
69	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
70	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
71	to update your sources past the above hash and do
72		% cd usr.bin/awk
73		% make clean all
74		% sudo -E make install
75	to enable building kernels again.
76
7720210710:
78	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
79	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
80
8120210626:
82	Commit 6ae32cc8182f changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and
83	nfsd modules.  As such, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
84	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1202508.
85
8620210510:
87	Commit e9959506d2cc changed the internal KAPI between the
88	nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
89	rebuilt from sources.
90
9120210430:
92	Commit 0a1fdb867c72 changed the internal KAPI between
93	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
94	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
95	Without this patch, NFSv4.1 mounts should not
96	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
97	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
98
9920200912:
100	The make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION variable, used for disabling and
101	enabling assertions and statistics gathering in malloc(3), has been
102	migrated to a src.conf(5) WITH/WITHOUT_MALLOC_PRODUCTION option.
103
104	On stable branches, WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION is set by default, which
105	means that malloc(3) has assertions and statistics gathering disabled,
106	for improved performance.
107
108	For backwards compatibility, the make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION is still
109	honored, but it is now deprecated and undocumented.
110
11120200909:
112	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
113	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
114	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
115	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
116
11720200722:
118	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
119	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
120	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
121	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
122
12320200708:
124	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
125	re-enable it for the entire system with the
126	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB.
127
128	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
129	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
130	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
131	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc.
132
13320200414:
134	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
135	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
136	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
137	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
138	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
139	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
140
14120200501:
142	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
143	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
144	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
145	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
146
14720200430:
148	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
149	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
150	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
151	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
152	differences between those included in the port and those included in
153	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
154	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
155	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
156
15720200107:
158	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
159	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
160	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
161	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
162
16320191107:
164	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
165	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
166	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
167	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
168	add superio to the set.
169
17020191024:
171	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
172	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
173	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
174	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
175	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
176	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
177
17820190913:
179	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
180	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
181	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
182	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
183
18420190914:
185	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
186	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
187	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
188	your scripts, because they had no effect.
189
190	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
191	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
192	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
193	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
194	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
195
19620190906:
197	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
198	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
199	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
200	"options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
201
20220190811:
203	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
204	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
205	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
206	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
207	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
208	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
209	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
210
21120190723:
212	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
213	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
214	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
215	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
216
21720190413:
218	Now Clang 8 has been merged (see the 20190412 entry below), the ifunc
219	functionality needed for the RETPOLINE option should work properly
220	again.  The RETPOLINE option has been removed from BROKEN_OPTIONS.
221
22220190412:
223	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
224	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
225	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
226	or higher.
227
22820190307:
229	The RETPOLINE option produces non-functional ifunc-using binaries
230	with Clang 7.0.1, and has been forced off (via BROKEN_OPTIONS).
231	Once Clang 8 is merged it may be enabled again.
232
23320190216:
234	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
235	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
236	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
237	or higher.
238
23920190226:
240	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
241	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
242	kernel config.
243
24420190214:
245	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
246	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
247	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
248	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
249	is loaded automatically.
250
25120181228:
252	r342561 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
253	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
254	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
255	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
256	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
257	most NFSv4 mounts.
258
25920181129:
260	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
261	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
262	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
263	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
264
26520181115:
266	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
267	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
268	FreeBSD-13.  A depreciation warning will be printed to stderr by
269	the ctm command, but the functionality will remain in base for all
270	FreeBSD-12 releases.
271
27220181019:
273	The stable/12 branch has been created in subversion from head
274	revision r339432.
275
27620181015:
277	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
278	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
279	drm-legacy-kmod.
280
281	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
282	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
283	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
284	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
285	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
286	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
287	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
288	that as you will get better support.
289
290	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
291	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
292	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package asap
293	and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
294
295	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
296	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
297	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
298	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
299	shortly.
300
30120181012:
302	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
303	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
304	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
305	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
306	be adjusted as necessary.
307
30820181009:
309	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
310	additional various API changes througout the base system.  It is
311	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
312	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
313
31420181006:
315	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
316	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
317	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
318	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
319	encouraged.
320
32120181002:
322	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
323	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
324	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
325	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
326	nda device name.
327
32820180913:
329	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
330	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
331	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
332	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
333	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
334	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
335
33620180826:
337	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
338	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
339	default since FreeBSD-11.
340
34120180822:
342	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
343	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
344	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
345
34620180818:
347	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
348	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
349	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
350	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
351	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
352	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
353	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
354
355	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
356	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
357
35820180815:
359	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
360	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
361	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
362	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
363	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
364	may not be observed in a future release.
365
36620180808:
367	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
368	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
369	your environment.
370
37120180731:
372	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
373	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
374	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
375	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
376
37720180730:
378	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
379	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
380	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
381	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
382	runtime services.
383
38420180727:
385	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
386	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
387	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
388
38920180723:
390	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
391	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
392	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
393	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
394	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
395
39620180720:
397	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
398	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
399	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
400	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
401	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
402	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
403
40420180719:
405	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
406	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
407	setup a frambuffer for us to use, just add :
408	boot_serial=YES
409	boot_multicons=YES
410	in /boot/loader.conf
411	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
412	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
413	u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
414
41520180719:
416	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
417	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
418	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
419	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
420	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
421	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
422	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
423	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
424	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
425	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
426	by the ntpd user.
427
42820180717:
429	Big endian arm support has been removed.
430
43120180711:
432	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
433	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
434	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
435	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
436	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
437
43820180705:
439	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
440	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
441	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
442	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
443	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
444	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
445
44620180702:
447	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
448	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
449
45020180701:
451	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
452	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
453	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
454	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
455	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
456	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
457	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
458
45920180630:
460	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
461	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
462	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
463	or higher.
464
46520180628:
466	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
467	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
468	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
469
47020180612:
471	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
472	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
473
47420180530:
475	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
476	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
477	longer necessary.
478
47920180530:
480	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
481	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
482	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
483	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
484
48520180523:
486	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
487	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
488	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
489	later than r334108.
490
49120180517:
492	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
493	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
494	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
495	it must be removed.
496
49720180510:
498	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
499	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
500	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
501	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
502	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
503	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
504	will go away.
505
506	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
507	workaround is necessary.
508
50920180508:
510	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
511	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was aquired by Exar and
512	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
513	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
514
51520180504:
516	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
517	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
518	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
519	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
520	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
521
52220180502:
523	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
524	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
525	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
526	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
527
52820180501:
529	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
530	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
531	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
532	be removed.
533
53420180413:
535	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
536	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
537	removed.
538
53920180411:
540	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
541	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
542	removed.
543
54420180406:
545	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
546	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
547	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
548	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
549	microseconds and time zone offsets.
550
551	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
552	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
553	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
554	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
555	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
556	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
557	adjustments, depending on the software used.
558
559	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
560	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
561
562		source src {
563			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
564		}
565
566	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
567	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
568	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
569
570		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
571
572	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
573	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
574	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
575	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
576	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
577	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
578	thus expected to continue to function as before.
579
580	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
581	change.
582
58320180328:
584	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
585	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
586	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
587
58820180323:
589	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
590	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
591	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
592	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
593	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
594	should be as simple as:
595
596		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
597		$ make depend all install
598
59920180212:
600	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
601	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
602	Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
603	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
604	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
605	provisions for backup boot methods.
606
60720180211:
608	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
609	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
610	be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
611
61220180114:
613	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
614	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
615	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
616	or higher.
617
61820180110:
619	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
620	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
621	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
622
623	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
624        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
625
62620180110:
627	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
628	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
629	needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
630	from kernel config files.
631
63220180104:
633	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
634	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
635	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
636
637	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
638	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
639
64020180102:
641	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
642	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
643	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
644	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
645
64620171215:
647	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
648	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
649
65020171214:
651	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
652	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
653	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
654	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
655
65620171125:
657	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
658	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
659	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
660	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
661	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
662	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
663
66420171110:
665	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
666	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
667	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
668
66920171106:
670	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
671	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
672	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
673	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
674	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
675
67620171102:
677	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
678	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
679	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
680	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
681	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
682	environment.
683
68420171101:
685	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
686	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
687	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
688	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
689	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
690	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
691	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
692	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
693	than hardcoding paths.
694
69520171028:
696	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
697	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
698	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
699
70020171021:
701	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
702	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
703	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
704	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
705
70620171010:
707	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
708	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
709
71020171005:
711	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
712	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
713	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
714	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
715
71620171003:
717	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
718	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
719	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
720	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
721	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
722
72320170912:
724	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
725	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
726	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
727	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
728	/etc/ctl.conf .
729
73020170912:
731	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
732	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
733	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
734	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
735	soft-float everything else should be affected.
736
73720170826:
738	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
739	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
740
74120170825:
742	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
743	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
744	to complete.
745
74620170814:
747	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
748	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
749	${TESTSDIR}.
750
751	Behavioral changes:
752	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
753	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
754	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
755	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
756
757	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
758	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
759	sandbox if successful.
760
761	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
762	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
763	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
764	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
765	an unprivileged user.
766
76720170808:
768	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
769	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
770	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
771	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
772	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
773	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
774	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
775	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
776	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
777	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
778	to which you should answer yes.
779
78020170728:
781	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
782	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
783	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
784	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
785	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
786
78720170722:
788	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
789	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
790	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
791
79220170701:
793	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
794	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
795
79620170625:
797	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
798	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
799	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
800	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
801	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
802	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
803	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
804
80520170623:
806	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
807	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
808	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
809	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
810	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
811	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
812
81320170620:
814	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
815	if you require the GPL compiler.
816
81720170618:
818	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
819	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
820	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
821
82220170617:
823	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
824	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
825	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
826	followed.
827
82820170531:
829	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
830	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
831	from ports (and recommends to install it).
832	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
833	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
834	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
835
83620170524:
837	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
838	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
839	which only require one chipset support.
840
841	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
842
843	if_ath_load="YES"
844
845	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
846	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
847	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
848
849	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
850	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
851
852	* load ath_hal
853	* load the chip modules in question
854	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
855	* load ath_main
856	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
857	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
858
859	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
860
86120170523:
862	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
863	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
864	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
865
866	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
867	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
868	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
869
870	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
871	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
872	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
873	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
874	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
875	installing world.
876
87720170424:
878	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
879	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
880	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
881
88220170420:
883	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
884	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
885	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
886
88720170413:
888	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
889	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
890	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
891	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
892	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
893	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
894	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
895
89620170407:
897	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
898	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
899	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
900	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
901
90220170405:
903	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
904	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
905	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
906
90720170331:
908	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
909	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
910	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
911
91220170329:
913	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
914	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
915
916	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
917	via one of the following methods:
918	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
919	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
920	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
921	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
922
923	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
924
92520170316:
926	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
927	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
928	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
929	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
930	with mmc.ko).
931
93220170315:
933	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
934	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
935	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
936	be prefixed with colon.
937
93820170311:
939	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
940	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
941	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
942
94320170302:
944	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
945	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
946	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
947
94820170221:
949	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
950	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
951	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
952	change.
953
95420170216:
955	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
956	valid.
957
95820170215:
959	MCA bus support has been removed.
960
96120170127:
962	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
963	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
964
96520170112:
966	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
967	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
968
96920170109:
970	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
971	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
972	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
973
97420161217:
975	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
976	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
977	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
978
97920161124:
980	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
981	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
982	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
983
98420161119:
985	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
986	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
987	that link against it need to be recompiled.
988
98920161030:
990	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
991	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
992	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
993	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
994
99520161017:
996	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
997	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
998	parts.
999	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1000	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1001
100220161015:
1003	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1004	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1005	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1006	removed from base.
1007
100820161008:
1009	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1010	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1011	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1012
101320161003:
1014	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1015	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1016
101720160924:
1018	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1019	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1020	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1021	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1022
102320160918:
1024	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1025	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1026	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1027	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1028	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1029
103020160918:
1031	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1032
103320160908:
1034	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1035	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1036	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1037	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1038
103920160824:
1040	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1041	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1042	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1043	to 1200005.
1044
104520160818:
1046	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1047	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1048	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1049	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1050	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1051	0.
1052
105320160818:
1054	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1055	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1056
105720160708:
1058	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1059
106020160622:
1061	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1062	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1063	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1064	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1065	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1066	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1067	kernel.
1068
106920160527:
1070	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1071	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1072	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1073	previously contained a line like
1074	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1075	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1076	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1077	generally be fine.
1078
107920160523:
1080	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1081	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1082	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1083	built with the old headers.
1084
108520160520:
1086	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1087	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1088	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1089	installing a new libc.
1090
109120160517:
1092	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1093	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1094	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1095	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1096	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1097	packages will be needed.
1098
1099	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1100	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1101	and the install steps.
1102
110320160510:
1104	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1105	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1106	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1107	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1108	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1109	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1110
111120160414:
1112	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1113	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1114	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1115	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1116	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1117
1118		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1119		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1120		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1121		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1122		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1123
1124	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1125	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1126	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1127	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1128	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1129	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1130	vendors work.
1131
1132	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1133	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1134		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1135	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1136	quirks entry to 0x3.
1137
113820160330:
1139	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1140	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1141	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1142
114320160317:
1144	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1145	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1146
114720160311:
1148	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1149	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1150	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1151	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1152	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1153	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1154	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1155	stale .depend files.
1156
115720160306:
1158	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1159	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1160	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1161	rebooting, e.g.:
1162
1163	make buildworld
1164	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1165	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1166	make -C sys/boot install
1167	<reboot in single user>
1168
1169	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1170	below.
1171
117220160305:
1173	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1174	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1175	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1176
117720160301:
1178	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1179	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1180	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1181	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1182	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1183	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1184
118520160226:
1186	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1187	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1188	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1189	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1190	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1191
119220160129:
1193	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1194	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1195	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1196	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1197	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1198
119920160119:
1200	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1201	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1202
120320160113:
1204	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1205	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1206	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1207
120820151216:
1209	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1210	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1211	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1212	other loaders.
1213
121420151211:
1215	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1216	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1217	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1218	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1219	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1220	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1221
122220151207:
1223	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1224	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1225	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1226	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1227	in src.conf(5).
1228
122920151130:
1230	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1231	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1232	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1233
123420151108:
1235	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1236	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1237	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1238
1239	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1240	collation results will be different.
1241
1242	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1243	locales before running make installworld.
1244
1245	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1246
124720151030:
1248	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1249	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1250
125120151020:
1252	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1253	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1254	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1255
125620151017:
1257	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1258	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1259	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1260	and 'make -N' will not.
1261
126220151012:
1263	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1264	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1265	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1266	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1267	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1268	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1269	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1270	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1271
127220151011:
1273	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1274	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1275	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1276	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1277
127820151006:
1279	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1280	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1281	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1282
128320150924:
1284	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1285	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1286	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1287	userland debug files.
1288
1289	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1290	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1291	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1292
1293	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1294	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1295
129620150827:
1297	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1298	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1299	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1300	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1301	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1302	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1303
130420150827:
1305	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1306	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1307	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1308
130920150817:
1310	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1311	them, the kernel must have
1312
1313	device	random
1314	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1315
1316	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1317	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1318	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1319	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1320
1321	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1322	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1323
132420150813:
1325	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1326	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1327	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1328
132920150810:
1330	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1331	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1332	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1333	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1334
1335	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1336	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1337	difference with this change.
1338
1339	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1340	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1341	remove that workaround.
1342
134320150809:
1344	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1345	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1346	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1347	with:
1348
1349	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1350
135120150806:
1352	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1353	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1354	loader.rc.local instead.
1355
135620150805:
1357	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1358	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1359	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1360
136120150728:
1362	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1363	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1364	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1365
1366	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1367	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1368
136920150706:
1370	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1371	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1372	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1373	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1374	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1375	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1376	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1377	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1378	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1379	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1380	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1381	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1382
138320150630:
1384	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1385	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1386
1387	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1388	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1389	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1390
1391	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1392	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1393
1394	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1395	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1396	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1397
1398	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1399	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1400	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1401	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1402
1403	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1404	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1405	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1406	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1407
1408	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1409	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1410	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1411	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1412	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1413	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1414	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1415	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1416	will never happen.
1417
141820150623:
1419	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1420	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1421
142220150616:
1423	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1424	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1425
142620150615:
1427	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1428	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1429	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1430	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1431	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1432
143320150614:
1434	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1435	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1436	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1437	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1438
143920150614:
1440	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1441	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1442	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1443	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1444	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1445	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1446	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1447
1448	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1449	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1450	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1451	   replace it with '2'.
1452	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1453	   a file path, create a new file with:
1454		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1455	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1456		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1457	5. Restart sendmail:
1458		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1459
1460	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1461	updated.
1462
146320150604:
1464	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1465	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1466	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1467	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1468	5.x.
1469
1470	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1471
147220150525:
1473	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1474	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1475	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1476
147720150521:
1478	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1479	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1480	and Pandaboard:
1481
1482	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1483	  same but content is different now
1484	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1485	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1486	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1487	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1488	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1489
149020150501:
1491	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1492	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1493	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1494
149520150423:
1496	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1497	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1498
149920150415:
1500	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1501	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1502
150320150416:
1504	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1505	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1506	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1507
150820150324:
1509	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1510	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1511	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1512	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1513
151420150315:
1515	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1516	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1517	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1518
151920150307:
1520	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1521	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1522	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1523	kernel before rebooting.
1524
152520150217:
1526	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1527	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1528	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1529	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1530	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1531	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1532
153320150210:
1534	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1535	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1536	with the new kernel.
1537
153820150131:
1539	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1540	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1541	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1542
154320150118:
1544	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1545	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1546	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1547	are not already using 3.5.0.
1548
154920150107:
1550	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1551	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1552	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1553	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1554	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1555
155620150105:
1557	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1558	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1559	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1560	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1561
156220150102:
1563	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1564	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1565
156620141231:
1567	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1568
1569	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1570	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1571	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1572	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1573	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1574	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1575	later.
1576
1577	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1578	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1579	of the box.
1580
1581	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1582	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1583	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1584	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1585
1586	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1587	the instructions for 9.x above.
1588
1589	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1590	default, and do not build clang.
1591
1592	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1593	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1594	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1595
1596	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1597	the following are most likely to appear:
1598
1599	-Wabsolute-value
1600
1601	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1602	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1603	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1604	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1605	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1606	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1607	  cast, or disable the warning.
1608
1609	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1610	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1611	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1612	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1613	  side-effects.
1614
1615	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1616	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1617
1618	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1619	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1620	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1621	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1622
1623	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1624	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1625	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1626	unreachable could be optimized away.
1627
162820141222:
1629	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1630	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1631	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1632	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1633	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1634	the utilities will report errors.
1635
163620141121:
1637	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1638	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1639	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1640	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1641	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1642	LOCAL_DIRS.
1643
164420141109:
1645	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1646	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1647
164820141104:
1649	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1650	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1651	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1652	drivers.
1653
1654	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1655	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1656	indicate what you need to do.
1657
1658	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1659	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1660	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1661
1662	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1663	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1664	  kern.vty=sc
1665
166620141102:
1667	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1668	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1669	execute it.
1670
167120141009:
1672	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1673	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1674	devel/gperf port.
1675
167620140923:
1677	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1678	contrib/pjdfstest .
1679
168020140922:
1681	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1682	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1683	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1684	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1685	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1686	their next update cycle.
1687
168820140729:
1689	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1690	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1691	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1692	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1693	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1694
169520140723:
1696	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1697	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1698
169920140719:
1700	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1701	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1702	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1703	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1704	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1705	new configuration.
1706
170720140709:
1708	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1709	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1710	them again.
1711	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1712
171320140708:
1714	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1715	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1716	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1717	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1718	requires readline.
1719
172020140702:
1721	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1722	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1723	architecture.
1724
172520140701:
1726	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1727	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1728	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1729	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1730	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1731
173220140629:
1733	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1734	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1735	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1736
173720140619:
1738	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1739	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1740	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1741
174220140606:
1743	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1744	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1745	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1746	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1747	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1748	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1749	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1750	"make installworld".
1751
1752	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1753	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1754	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1755	is run.
1756
1757	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1758	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1759	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1760	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1761	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1762
176320140512:
1764	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1765
176620140508:
1767	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1768	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1769	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1770
177120140505:
1772	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1773	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1774	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1775	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1776	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1777	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1778	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1779	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1780	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1781	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1782	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1783	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1784
1785	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1786	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1787	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1788	as well.
1789
179020140430:
1791	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1792	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1793
179420140424:
1795	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1796	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1797	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1798	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1799	build hosts for older releases.
1800
1801	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1802	r276991, respectively.
1803
180420140418:
1805	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1806	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1807	will silently lack HESIOD.
1808
180920140405:
1810	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1811	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1812	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1813	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1814	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1815	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1816	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1817	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1818	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1819	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1820	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1821	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1822
182320140306:
1824	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1825	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1826	with command line option -W.
1827
182820140226:
1829	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1830	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1831	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1832	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1833	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1834
183520140216:
1836	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1837
183820140216:
1839	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1840	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1841
184220140212:
1843	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1844	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1845	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1846	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1847	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1848
184920140204:
1850	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1851	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1852	kernel is still highly recommended.
1853
185420140131:
1855	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1856	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1857	capability mode support in kernel.
1858
185920140128:
1860	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1861	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1862	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1863	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1864	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1865
186620140110:
1867	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1868	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1869	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1870	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1871	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1872	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1873
187420131213:
1875	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1876	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1877	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1878	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1879	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1880	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1881	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1882	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1883	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1884
188520131108:
1886	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1887	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1888	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1889	should change your settings to use the latter.
1890
189120131025:
1892	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1893	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1894	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1895	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1896	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1897
189820131014:
1899	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1900	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1901	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1902	delete-old-libs":
1903	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1904	  or
1905	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1906
190720131010:
1908	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1909	revision r256279.
1910
1911COMMON ITEMS:
1912
1913	General Notes
1914	-------------
1915	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1916	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1917	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1918	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1919	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1920	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1921	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1922
1923	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1924	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1925	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1926	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1927	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1928
1929	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1930	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1931	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1932	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1933	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1934	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1935	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1936	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1937	an exception.
1938
1939	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1940	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1941	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1942	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1943
1944	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1945	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1946	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1947	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1948	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1949	should write them with this in mind.
1950
1951	ZFS notes
1952	---------
1953	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1954	these two steps:
1955
1956	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1957	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1958
1959	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1960
1961	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1962	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1963	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1964
1965	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1966
1967	To build a kernel
1968	-----------------
1969	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1970	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1971	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1972
1973	make kernel-toolchain
1974	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1975	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1976
1977	To test a kernel once
1978	---------------------
1979	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1980	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1981	debugging information) run
1982	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1983	nextboot -k testkernel
1984
1985	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1986	-----------------------------------------------------------
1987	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1988	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1989
1990	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1991	make buildworld
1992	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1993	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1994							[1]
1995	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1996	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1997	make installworld
1998	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1999	make delete-old					[6]
2000	<reboot>
2001
2002	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2003	--------------------------------------------------
2004	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2005	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2006	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2007	# size.
2008
2009	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2010	<boot into -stable>
2011	make buildworld
2012	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2013	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2014	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2015	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2016	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2017	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2018	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2019	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2020	<reboot into current>
2021	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2022	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2023	<reboot>
2024
2025
2026	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2027	----------------------------------------------
2028	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2029	make buildworld					[9]
2030	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2031	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2032							[1]
2033	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2034	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2035	make installworld
2036	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2037	make delete-old					[6]
2038	<reboot>
2039
2040	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2041	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2042	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2043	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2044	the UPDATING entries.
2045
2046	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2047	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2048	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2049	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2050	much fewer pitfalls.
2051
2052	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2053	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2054	system on reboot.
2055
2056	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2057		fsck -p
2058		mount -u /
2059		mount -a
2060		cd src
2061		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2062	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2063	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2064
2065	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2066	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2067	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2068	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2069	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2070	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2071	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2072
2073	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2074	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2075	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2076	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2077	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2078	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2079
2080	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2081	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2082	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2083
2084	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by
2085	an installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new
2086	kernel's configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n>
2087	option for existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x
2088	binaries).  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2089	hard to boot to recover.  A GENERIC kernel will include suitable
2090	compatibility options to run binaries from older branches.
2091
2092	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2093	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2094
2095	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2096	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2097	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2098
2099	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2100	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2101	warn if it is improperly defined.
2102FORMAT:
2103
2104This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2105breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2106list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2107If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2108to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2109
2110Copyright information:
2111
2112Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2113
2114Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2115modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2116document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2117
2118THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2119IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2120WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2121DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2122INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2123(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2124SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2125HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2126STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2127IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2128POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2129
2130Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2131this document.
2132
2133$FreeBSD: stable/12/UPDATING 372011 2022-04-14 06:46:40Z gbe $
2134