1 /*    scope.h
2  *
3  *    Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4  *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 by Larry Wall and others
5  *
6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8  *
9  */
10 
11 #define SAVEt_ITEM		0
12 #define SAVEt_SV		1
13 #define SAVEt_AV		2
14 #define SAVEt_HV		3
15 #define SAVEt_INT		4
16 #define SAVEt_LONG		5
17 #define SAVEt_I32		6
18 #define SAVEt_IV		7
19 #define SAVEt_SPTR		8
20 #define SAVEt_APTR		9
21 #define SAVEt_HPTR		10
22 #define SAVEt_PPTR		11
23 #define SAVEt_NSTAB		12
24 #define SAVEt_SVREF		13
25 #define SAVEt_GP		14
26 #define SAVEt_FREESV		15
27 #define SAVEt_FREEOP		16
28 #define SAVEt_FREEPV		17
29 #define SAVEt_CLEARSV		18
30 #define SAVEt_DELETE		19
31 #define SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR	20
32 #define SAVEt_REGCONTEXT	21
33 #define SAVEt_STACK_POS		22
34 #define SAVEt_I16		23
35 #define SAVEt_AELEM		24
36 #define SAVEt_HELEM		25
37 #define SAVEt_OP		26
38 #define SAVEt_HINTS		27
39 #define SAVEt_ALLOC		28
40 #define SAVEt_GENERIC_SVREF	29
41 #define SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR_X	30
42 #define SAVEt_VPTR		31
43 #define SAVEt_I8		32
44 #define SAVEt_COMPPAD		33
45 #define SAVEt_GENERIC_PVREF	34
46 #define SAVEt_PADSV		35
47 #define SAVEt_MORTALIZESV	36
48 #define SAVEt_SHARED_PVREF	37
49 #define SAVEt_BOOL		38
50 #define SAVEt_SAVESWITCHSTACK	40
51 
52 #ifndef SCOPE_SAVES_SIGNAL_MASK
53 #define SCOPE_SAVES_SIGNAL_MASK 0
54 #endif
55 
56 #define SSCHECK(need) if (PL_savestack_ix + (need) > PL_savestack_max) savestack_grow()
57 #define SSGROW(need) if (PL_savestack_ix + (need) > PL_savestack_max) savestack_grow_cnt(need)
58 #define SSPUSHINT(i) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_i32 = (I32)(i))
59 #define SSPUSHLONG(i) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_long = (long)(i))
60 #define SSPUSHBOOL(p) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_bool = (p))
61 #define SSPUSHIV(i) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_iv = (IV)(i))
62 #define SSPUSHPTR(p) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_ptr = (void*)(p))
63 #define SSPUSHDPTR(p) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_dptr = (p))
64 #define SSPUSHDXPTR(p) (PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix++].any_dxptr = (p))
65 #define SSPOPINT (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_i32)
66 #define SSPOPLONG (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_long)
67 #define SSPOPBOOL (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_bool)
68 #define SSPOPIV (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_iv)
69 #define SSPOPPTR (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_ptr)
70 #define SSPOPDPTR (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_dptr)
71 #define SSPOPDXPTR (PL_savestack[--PL_savestack_ix].any_dxptr)
72 
73 /*
74 =head1 Callback Functions
75 
76 =for apidoc Ams||SAVETMPS
77 Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback.  See C<FREETMPS> and
78 L<perlcall>.
79 
80 =for apidoc Ams||FREETMPS
81 Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback.  See C<SAVETMPS> and
82 L<perlcall>.
83 
84 =for apidoc Ams||ENTER
85 Opening bracket on a callback.  See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
86 
87 =for apidoc Ams||LEAVE
88 Closing bracket on a callback.  See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
89 
90 =cut
91 */
92 
93 #define SAVETMPS save_int((int*)&PL_tmps_floor), PL_tmps_floor = PL_tmps_ix
94 #define FREETMPS if (PL_tmps_ix > PL_tmps_floor) free_tmps()
95 
96 #ifdef DEBUGGING
97 #define ENTER							\
98     STMT_START {						\
99 	push_scope();						\
100 	DEBUG_SCOPE("ENTER")					\
101     } STMT_END
102 #define LEAVE							\
103     STMT_START {						\
104 	DEBUG_SCOPE("LEAVE")					\
105 	pop_scope();						\
106     } STMT_END
107 #else
108 #define ENTER push_scope()
109 #define LEAVE pop_scope()
110 #endif
111 #define LEAVE_SCOPE(old) if (PL_savestack_ix > old) leave_scope(old)
112 
113 /*
114  * Not using SOFT_CAST on SAVESPTR, SAVEGENERICSV and SAVEFREESV
115  * because these are used for several kinds of pointer values
116  */
117 #define SAVEI8(i)	save_I8(SOFT_CAST(I8*)&(i))
118 #define SAVEI16(i)	save_I16(SOFT_CAST(I16*)&(i))
119 #define SAVEI32(i)	save_I32(SOFT_CAST(I32*)&(i))
120 #define SAVEINT(i)	save_int(SOFT_CAST(int*)&(i))
121 #define SAVEIV(i)	save_iv(SOFT_CAST(IV*)&(i))
122 #define SAVELONG(l)	save_long(SOFT_CAST(long*)&(l))
123 #define SAVEBOOL(b)	save_bool(SOFT_CAST(bool*)&(b))
124 #define SAVESPTR(s)	save_sptr((SV**)&(s))
125 #define SAVEPPTR(s)	save_pptr(SOFT_CAST(char**)&(s))
126 #define SAVEVPTR(s)	save_vptr((void*)&(s))
127 #define SAVEPADSV(s)	save_padsv(s)
128 #define SAVEFREESV(s)	save_freesv((SV*)(s))
129 #define SAVEMORTALIZESV(s)	save_mortalizesv((SV*)(s))
130 #define SAVEFREEOP(o)	save_freeop(SOFT_CAST(OP*)(o))
131 #define SAVEFREEPV(p)	save_freepv(SOFT_CAST(char*)(p))
132 #define SAVECLEARSV(sv)	save_clearsv(SOFT_CAST(SV**)&(sv))
133 #define SAVEGENERICSV(s)	save_generic_svref((SV**)&(s))
134 #define SAVEGENERICPV(s)	save_generic_pvref((char**)&(s))
135 #define SAVESHAREDPV(s)		save_shared_pvref((char**)&(s))
136 #define SAVEDELETE(h,k,l) \
137 	  save_delete(SOFT_CAST(HV*)(h), SOFT_CAST(char*)(k), (I32)(l))
138 #define SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p) \
139 	  save_destructor((DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t)(f), SOFT_CAST(void*)(p))
140 
141 #define SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(f,p) \
142 	  save_destructor_x((DESTRUCTORFUNC_t)(f), SOFT_CAST(void*)(p))
143 
144 #define SAVESTACK_POS() \
145     STMT_START {				\
146 	SSCHECK(2);				\
147 	SSPUSHINT(PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base);	\
148 	SSPUSHINT(SAVEt_STACK_POS);		\
149     } STMT_END
150 
151 #define SAVEOP()	save_op()
152 
153 #define SAVEHINTS() \
154     STMT_START {					\
155 	SSCHECK(3);					\
156 	if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH) {		\
157 	    SSPUSHPTR(GvHV(PL_hintgv));			\
158 	    GvHV(PL_hintgv) = newHVhv(GvHV(PL_hintgv));	\
159 	}						\
160 	SSPUSHINT(PL_hints);				\
161 	SSPUSHINT(SAVEt_HINTS);				\
162     } STMT_END
163 
164 #define SAVECOMPPAD() \
165     STMT_START {						\
166 	SSCHECK(2);						\
167 	SSPUSHPTR((SV*)PL_comppad);				\
168 	SSPUSHINT(SAVEt_COMPPAD);				\
169     } STMT_END
170 
171 #define SAVESWITCHSTACK(f,t) \
172     STMT_START {					\
173 	SSCHECK(3);					\
174 	SSPUSHPTR((SV*)(f));				\
175 	SSPUSHPTR((SV*)(t));				\
176 	SSPUSHINT(SAVEt_SAVESWITCHSTACK);		\
177 	SWITCHSTACK((f),(t));				\
178 	PL_curstackinfo->si_stack = (t);		\
179     } STMT_END
180 
181 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
182 #  define SAVECOPSTASH(c)	SAVEPPTR(CopSTASHPV(c))
183 #  define SAVECOPSTASH_FREE(c)	SAVESHAREDPV(CopSTASHPV(c))
184 #  define SAVECOPFILE(c)	SAVEPPTR(CopFILE(c))
185 #  define SAVECOPFILE_FREE(c)	SAVESHAREDPV(CopFILE(c))
186 #else
187 #  define SAVECOPSTASH(c)	SAVESPTR(CopSTASH(c))
188 #  define SAVECOPSTASH_FREE(c)	SAVECOPSTASH(c)	/* XXX not refcounted */
189 #  define SAVECOPFILE(c)	SAVESPTR(CopFILEGV(c))
190 #  define SAVECOPFILE_FREE(c)	SAVEGENERICSV(CopFILEGV(c))
191 #endif
192 
193 #define SAVECOPLINE(c)		SAVEI32(CopLINE(c))
194 
195 /* SSNEW() temporarily allocates a specified number of bytes of data on the
196  * savestack.  It returns an integer index into the savestack, because a
197  * pointer would get broken if the savestack is moved on reallocation.
198  * SSNEWa() works like SSNEW(), but also aligns the data to the specified
199  * number of bytes.  MEM_ALIGNBYTES is perhaps the most useful.  The
200  * alignment will be preserved therough savestack reallocation *only* if
201  * realloc returns data aligned to a size divisible by "align"!
202  *
203  * SSPTR() converts the index returned by SSNEW/SSNEWa() into a pointer.
204  */
205 
206 #define SSNEW(size)             Perl_save_alloc(aTHX_ (size), 0)
207 #define SSNEWt(n,t)             SSNEW((n)*sizeof(t))
208 #define SSNEWa(size,align)	Perl_save_alloc(aTHX_ (size), \
209     (align - ((int)((caddr_t)&PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix]) % align)) % align)
210 #define SSNEWat(n,t,align)	SSNEWa((n)*sizeof(t), align)
211 
212 #define SSPTR(off,type)         ((type)  ((char*)PL_savestack + off))
213 #define SSPTRt(off,type)        ((type*) ((char*)PL_savestack + off))
214 
215 /* A jmpenv packages the state required to perform a proper non-local jump.
216  * Note that there is a start_env initialized when perl starts, and top_env
217  * points to this initially, so top_env should always be non-null.
218  *
219  * Existence of a non-null top_env->je_prev implies it is valid to call
220  * longjmp() at that runlevel (we make sure start_env.je_prev is always
221  * null to ensure this).
222  *
223  * je_mustcatch, when set at any runlevel to TRUE, means eval ops must
224  * establish a local jmpenv to handle exception traps.  Care must be taken
225  * to restore the previous value of je_mustcatch before exiting the
226  * stack frame iff JMPENV_PUSH was not called in that stack frame.
227  * GSAR 97-03-27
228  */
229 
230 struct jmpenv {
231     struct jmpenv *	je_prev;
232     Sigjmp_buf		je_buf;		/* only for use if !je_throw */
233     int			je_ret;		/* last exception thrown */
234     bool		je_mustcatch;	/* need to call longjmp()? */
235 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
236     void		(*je_throw)(int v); /* last for bincompat */
237     bool		je_noset;	/* no need for setjmp() */
238 #endif
239 };
240 
241 typedef struct jmpenv JMPENV;
242 
243 #ifdef OP_IN_REGISTER
244 #define OP_REG_TO_MEM	PL_opsave = op
245 #define OP_MEM_TO_REG	op = PL_opsave
246 #else
247 #define OP_REG_TO_MEM	NOOP
248 #define OP_MEM_TO_REG	NOOP
249 #endif
250 
251 /*
252  * How to build the first jmpenv.
253  *
254  * top_env needs to be non-zero. It points to an area
255  * in which longjmp() stuff is stored, as C callstack
256  * info there at least is thread specific this has to
257  * be per-thread. Otherwise a 'die' in a thread gives
258  * that thread the C stack of last thread to do an eval {}!
259  */
260 
261 #define JMPENV_BOOTSTRAP \
262     STMT_START {				\
263 	Zero(&PL_start_env, 1, JMPENV);		\
264 	PL_start_env.je_ret = -1;		\
265 	PL_start_env.je_mustcatch = TRUE;	\
266 	PL_top_env = &PL_start_env;		\
267     } STMT_END
268 
269 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
270 
271 /*
272  * These exception-handling macros are split up to
273  * ease integration with C++ exceptions.
274  *
275  * To use C++ try+catch to catch Perl exceptions, an extension author
276  * needs to first write an extern "C" function to throw an appropriate
277  * exception object; typically it will be or contain an integer,
278  * because Perl's internals use integers to track exception types:
279  *    extern "C" { static void thrower(int i) { throw i; } }
280  *
281  * Then (as shown below) the author needs to use, not the simple
282  * JMPENV_PUSH, but several of its constitutent macros, to arrange for
283  * the Perl internals to call thrower() rather than longjmp() to
284  * report exceptions:
285  *
286  *    dJMPENV;
287  *    JMPENV_PUSH_INIT(thrower);
288  *    try {
289  *        ... stuff that may throw exceptions ...
290  *    }
291  *    catch (int why) {  // or whatever matches thrower()
292  *        JMPENV_POST_CATCH;
293  *        EXCEPT_SET(why);
294  *        switch (why) {
295  *          ... // handle various Perl exception codes
296  *        }
297  *    }
298  *    JMPENV_POP;  // don't forget this!
299  */
300 
301 /*
302  * Function that catches/throws, and its callback for the
303  *  body of protected processing.
304  */
305 typedef void *(CPERLscope(*protect_body_t)) (pTHX_ va_list);
306 typedef void *(CPERLscope(*protect_proc_t)) (pTHX_ volatile JMPENV *pcur_env,
307 					     int *, protect_body_t, ...);
308 
309 #define dJMPENV	JMPENV cur_env;	\
310 		volatile JMPENV *pcur_env = ((cur_env.je_noset = 0),&cur_env)
311 
312 #define JMPENV_PUSH_INIT_ENV(ce,THROWFUNC) \
313     STMT_START {					\
314 	(ce).je_throw = (THROWFUNC);			\
315 	(ce).je_ret = -1;				\
316 	(ce).je_mustcatch = FALSE;			\
317 	(ce).je_prev = PL_top_env;			\
318 	PL_top_env = &(ce);				\
319 	OP_REG_TO_MEM;					\
320     } STMT_END
321 
322 #define JMPENV_PUSH_INIT(THROWFUNC) JMPENV_PUSH_INIT_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env,THROWFUNC)
323 
324 #define JMPENV_POST_CATCH_ENV(ce) \
325     STMT_START {					\
326 	OP_MEM_TO_REG;					\
327 	PL_top_env = &(ce);				\
328     } STMT_END
329 
330 #define JMPENV_POST_CATCH JMPENV_POST_CATCH_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env)
331 
332 #define JMPENV_PUSH_ENV(ce,v) \
333     STMT_START {						\
334 	if (!(ce).je_noset) {					\
335 	    DEBUG_l(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Setting up jumplevel %p, was %p\n",	\
336 			     ce, PL_top_env));			\
337 	    JMPENV_PUSH_INIT_ENV(ce,NULL);			\
338 	    EXCEPT_SET_ENV(ce,PerlProc_setjmp((ce).je_buf, SCOPE_SAVES_SIGNAL_MASK));\
339 	    (ce).je_noset = 1;					\
340 	}							\
341 	else							\
342 	    EXCEPT_SET_ENV(ce,0);				\
343 	JMPENV_POST_CATCH_ENV(ce);				\
344 	(v) = EXCEPT_GET_ENV(ce);				\
345     } STMT_END
346 
347 #define JMPENV_PUSH(v) JMPENV_PUSH_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env,v)
348 
349 #define JMPENV_POP_ENV(ce) \
350     STMT_START {						\
351 	if (PL_top_env == &(ce))				\
352 	    PL_top_env = (ce).je_prev;				\
353     } STMT_END
354 
355 #define JMPENV_POP  JMPENV_POP_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env)
356 
357 #define JMPENV_JUMP(v) \
358     STMT_START {						\
359 	OP_REG_TO_MEM;						\
360 	if (PL_top_env->je_prev) {				\
361 	    if (PL_top_env->je_throw)				\
362 		PL_top_env->je_throw(v);			\
363 	    else						\
364 		PerlProc_longjmp(PL_top_env->je_buf, (v));	\
365 	}							\
366 	if ((v) == 2)						\
367 	    PerlProc_exit(STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT);		\
368 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: top_env\n");	\
369 	PerlProc_exit(1);					\
370     } STMT_END
371 
372 #define EXCEPT_GET_ENV(ce)	((ce).je_ret)
373 #define EXCEPT_GET		EXCEPT_GET_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env)
374 #define EXCEPT_SET_ENV(ce,v)	((ce).je_ret = (v))
375 #define EXCEPT_SET(v)		EXCEPT_SET_ENV(*(JMPENV*)pcur_env,v)
376 
377 #else /* !PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS */
378 
379 #define dJMPENV		JMPENV cur_env
380 
381 #define JMPENV_PUSH(v) \
382     STMT_START {							\
383 	DEBUG_l(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Setting up jumplevel %p, was %p\n",	\
384 			 &cur_env, PL_top_env));			\
385 	cur_env.je_prev = PL_top_env;					\
386 	OP_REG_TO_MEM;							\
387 	cur_env.je_ret = PerlProc_setjmp(cur_env.je_buf, SCOPE_SAVES_SIGNAL_MASK);		\
388 	OP_MEM_TO_REG;							\
389 	PL_top_env = &cur_env;						\
390 	cur_env.je_mustcatch = FALSE;					\
391 	(v) = cur_env.je_ret;						\
392     } STMT_END
393 
394 #define JMPENV_POP \
395     STMT_START { PL_top_env = cur_env.je_prev; } STMT_END
396 
397 #define JMPENV_JUMP(v) \
398     STMT_START {						\
399 	OP_REG_TO_MEM;						\
400 	if (PL_top_env->je_prev)				\
401 	    PerlProc_longjmp(PL_top_env->je_buf, (v));		\
402 	if ((v) == 2)						\
403 	    PerlProc_exit(STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT);		\
404 	PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "panic: top_env\n");	\
405 	PerlProc_exit(1);					\
406     } STMT_END
407 
408 #endif /* PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS */
409 
410 #define CATCH_GET		(PL_top_env->je_mustcatch)
411 #define CATCH_SET(v)		(PL_top_env->je_mustcatch = (v))
412