1 /* Python interface to finish breakpoints
2 
3    Copyright (C) 2011-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 
5    This file is part of GDB.
6 
7    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10    (at your option) any later version.
11 
12    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15    GNU General Public License for more details.
16 
17    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
19 
20 
21 
22 #include "top.h"
23 #include "python-internal.h"
24 #include "breakpoint.h"
25 #include "frame.h"
26 #include "gdbthread.h"
27 #include "arch-utils.h"
28 #include "language.h"
29 #include "observable.h"
30 #include "inferior.h"
31 #include "block.h"
32 #include "location.h"
33 
34 /* Function that is called when a Python finish bp is found out of scope.  */
35 static const char outofscope_func[] = "out_of_scope";
36 
37 /* struct implementing the gdb.FinishBreakpoint object by extending
38    the gdb.Breakpoint class.  */
39 struct finish_breakpoint_object
40 {
41   /* gdb.Breakpoint base class.  */
42   gdbpy_breakpoint_object py_bp;
43 
44   /* gdb.Symbol object of the function finished by this breakpoint.
45 
46      nullptr if no debug information was available or return type was VOID.  */
47   PyObject *func_symbol;
48 
49   /* gdb.Value object of the function finished by this breakpoint.
50 
51      nullptr if no debug information was available or return type was VOID.  */
52   PyObject *function_value;
53 
54   /* When stopped at this FinishBreakpoint, gdb.Value object returned by
55      the function; Py_None if the value is not computable; NULL if GDB is
56      not stopped at a FinishBreakpoint.  */
57   PyObject *return_value;
58 
59   /* The initiating frame for this operation, used to decide when we have
60      left this frame.  */
61   struct frame_id initiating_frame;
62 };
63 
64 extern PyTypeObject finish_breakpoint_object_type
65     CPYCHECKER_TYPE_OBJECT_FOR_TYPEDEF ("finish_breakpoint_object");
66 
67 /* Python function to get the 'return_value' attribute of
68    FinishBreakpoint.  */
69 
70 static PyObject *
bpfinishpy_get_returnvalue(PyObject * self,void * closure)71 bpfinishpy_get_returnvalue (PyObject *self, void *closure)
72 {
73   struct finish_breakpoint_object *self_finishbp =
74       (struct finish_breakpoint_object *) self;
75 
76   if (!self_finishbp->return_value)
77     Py_RETURN_NONE;
78 
79   Py_INCREF (self_finishbp->return_value);
80   return self_finishbp->return_value;
81 }
82 
83 /* Deallocate FinishBreakpoint object.  */
84 
85 static void
bpfinishpy_dealloc(PyObject * self)86 bpfinishpy_dealloc (PyObject *self)
87 {
88   struct finish_breakpoint_object *self_bpfinish =
89           (struct finish_breakpoint_object *) self;
90 
91   Py_XDECREF (self_bpfinish->func_symbol);
92   Py_XDECREF (self_bpfinish->function_value);
93   Py_XDECREF (self_bpfinish->return_value);
94   Py_TYPE (self)->tp_free (self);
95 }
96 
97 /* Triggered when gdbpy_breakpoint_cond_says_stop is about to execute the `stop'
98    callback of the gdb.FinishBreakpoint object BP_OBJ.  Will compute and cache
99    the `return_value', if possible.  */
100 
101 void
bpfinishpy_pre_stop_hook(struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object * bp_obj)102 bpfinishpy_pre_stop_hook (struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object *bp_obj)
103 {
104   struct finish_breakpoint_object *self_finishbp =
105           (struct finish_breakpoint_object *) bp_obj;
106 
107   /* Can compute return_value only once.  */
108   gdb_assert (!self_finishbp->return_value);
109 
110   if (self_finishbp->func_symbol == nullptr)
111     return;
112 
113   try
114     {
115       scoped_value_mark free_values;
116 
117       struct symbol *func_symbol =
118           symbol_object_to_symbol (self_finishbp->func_symbol);
119       struct value *function =
120           value_object_to_value (self_finishbp->function_value);
121       struct value *ret =
122           get_return_value (func_symbol, function);
123 
124       if (ret)
125           {
126             self_finishbp->return_value = value_to_value_object (ret);
127             if (!self_finishbp->return_value)
128                 gdbpy_print_stack ();
129           }
130       else
131           {
132             Py_INCREF (Py_None);
133             self_finishbp->return_value = Py_None;
134           }
135     }
136   catch (const gdb_exception &except)
137     {
138       gdbpy_convert_exception (except);
139       gdbpy_print_stack ();
140     }
141 }
142 
143 /* Triggered when gdbpy_breakpoint_cond_says_stop has triggered the `stop'
144    callback of the gdb.FinishBreakpoint object BP_OBJ.  */
145 
146 void
bpfinishpy_post_stop_hook(struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object * bp_obj)147 bpfinishpy_post_stop_hook (struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object *bp_obj)
148 {
149 
150   try
151     {
152       /* Can't delete it here, but it will be removed at the next stop.  */
153       disable_breakpoint (bp_obj->bp);
154       bp_obj->bp->disposition = disp_del_at_next_stop;
155     }
156   catch (const gdb_exception &except)
157     {
158       gdbpy_convert_exception (except);
159       gdbpy_print_stack ();
160     }
161 }
162 
163 /* Python function to create a new breakpoint.  */
164 
165 static int
bpfinishpy_init(PyObject * self,PyObject * args,PyObject * kwargs)166 bpfinishpy_init (PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
167 {
168   static const char *keywords[] = { "frame", "internal", NULL };
169   struct finish_breakpoint_object *self_bpfinish =
170       (struct finish_breakpoint_object *) self;
171   PyObject *frame_obj = NULL;
172   int thread;
173   frame_info_ptr frame = NULL; /* init for gcc -Wall */
174   frame_info_ptr prev_frame = NULL;
175   struct frame_id frame_id;
176   PyObject *internal = NULL;
177   int internal_bp = 0;
178   CORE_ADDR pc;
179 
180   if (!gdb_PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (args, kwargs, "|OO", keywords,
181                                                   &frame_obj, &internal))
182     return -1;
183 
184   try
185     {
186       /* Default frame to newest frame if necessary.  */
187       if (frame_obj == NULL)
188           frame = get_current_frame ();
189       else
190           frame = frame_object_to_frame_info (frame_obj);
191 
192       if (frame == NULL)
193           {
194             PyErr_SetString (PyExc_ValueError,
195                                  _("Invalid ID for the `frame' object."));
196           }
197       else
198           {
199             prev_frame = get_prev_frame (frame);
200             if (prev_frame == 0)
201               {
202                 PyErr_SetString (PyExc_ValueError,
203                                      _("\"FinishBreakpoint\" not "
204                                          "meaningful in the outermost "
205                                          "frame."));
206               }
207             else if (get_frame_type (prev_frame) == DUMMY_FRAME)
208               {
209                 PyErr_SetString (PyExc_ValueError,
210                                      _("\"FinishBreakpoint\" cannot "
211                                          "be set on a dummy frame."));
212               }
213             else
214               /* Get the real calling frame ID, ignoring inline frames.  */
215               frame_id = frame_unwind_caller_id (frame);
216           }
217     }
218   catch (const gdb_exception &except)
219     {
220       gdbpy_convert_exception (except);
221       return -1;
222     }
223 
224   if (PyErr_Occurred ())
225     return -1;
226 
227   if (inferior_ptid == null_ptid)
228     {
229       PyErr_SetString (PyExc_ValueError,
230                            _("No thread currently selected."));
231       return -1;
232     }
233 
234   thread = inferior_thread ()->global_num;
235 
236   if (internal)
237     {
238       internal_bp = PyObject_IsTrue (internal);
239       if (internal_bp == -1)
240           {
241             PyErr_SetString (PyExc_ValueError,
242                                  _("The value of `internal' must be a boolean."));
243             return -1;
244           }
245     }
246 
247   /* Find the function we will return from.  */
248   self_bpfinish->func_symbol = nullptr;
249   self_bpfinish->function_value = nullptr;
250 
251   try
252     {
253       if (get_frame_pc_if_available (frame, &pc))
254           {
255             struct symbol *function = find_pc_function (pc);
256             if (function != nullptr)
257               {
258                 struct type *ret_type =
259                     check_typedef (function->type ()->target_type ());
260 
261                 /* Remember only non-void return types.  */
262                 if (ret_type->code () != TYPE_CODE_VOID)
263                     {
264                       scoped_value_mark free_values;
265 
266                       /* Ignore Python errors at this stage.  */
267                       value *func_value = read_var_value (function, NULL, frame);
268                       self_bpfinish->function_value
269                         = value_to_value_object (func_value);
270                       PyErr_Clear ();
271 
272                       self_bpfinish->func_symbol
273                         = symbol_to_symbol_object (function);
274                       PyErr_Clear ();
275                     }
276               }
277           }
278     }
279   catch (const gdb_exception_forced_quit &except)
280     {
281       quit_force (NULL, 0);
282     }
283   catch (const gdb_exception &except)
284     {
285       /* Just swallow.  Either the return type or the function value
286            remain NULL.  */
287     }
288 
289   if (self_bpfinish->func_symbol == nullptr
290       || self_bpfinish->function_value == nullptr)
291     {
292       /* Won't be able to compute return value.  */
293       Py_XDECREF (self_bpfinish->func_symbol);
294       Py_XDECREF (self_bpfinish->function_value);
295 
296       self_bpfinish->func_symbol = nullptr;
297       self_bpfinish->function_value = nullptr;
298     }
299 
300   bppy_pending_object = &self_bpfinish->py_bp;
301   bppy_pending_object->number = -1;
302   bppy_pending_object->bp = NULL;
303 
304   try
305     {
306       /* Set a breakpoint on the return address.  */
307       location_spec_up locspec
308           = new_address_location_spec (get_frame_pc (prev_frame), NULL, 0);
309       create_breakpoint (gdbpy_enter::get_gdbarch (),
310                                locspec.get (), NULL, thread, -1, NULL, false,
311                                0,
312                                1 /*temp_flag*/,
313                                bp_breakpoint,
314                                0,
315                                AUTO_BOOLEAN_TRUE,
316                                &code_breakpoint_ops,
317                                0, 1, internal_bp, 0);
318     }
319   catch (const gdb_exception &except)
320     {
321       GDB_PY_SET_HANDLE_EXCEPTION (except);
322     }
323 
324   self_bpfinish->py_bp.bp->frame_id = frame_id;
325   self_bpfinish->py_bp.is_finish_bp = 1;
326   self_bpfinish->initiating_frame = get_frame_id (frame);
327 
328   /* Bind the breakpoint with the current program space.  */
329   self_bpfinish->py_bp.bp->pspace = current_program_space;
330 
331   return 0;
332 }
333 
334 /* Called when GDB notices that the finish breakpoint BP_OBJ is out of
335    the current callstack.  Triggers the method OUT_OF_SCOPE if implemented,
336    then delete the breakpoint.  */
337 
338 static void
bpfinishpy_out_of_scope(struct finish_breakpoint_object * bpfinish_obj)339 bpfinishpy_out_of_scope (struct finish_breakpoint_object *bpfinish_obj)
340 {
341   gdbpy_breakpoint_object *bp_obj = (gdbpy_breakpoint_object *) bpfinish_obj;
342   PyObject *py_obj = (PyObject *) bp_obj;
343 
344   if (bpfinish_obj->py_bp.bp->enable_state == bp_enabled
345       && PyObject_HasAttrString (py_obj, outofscope_func))
346     {
347       gdbpy_ref<> meth_result (PyObject_CallMethod (py_obj, outofscope_func,
348                                                                 NULL));
349       if (meth_result == NULL)
350           gdbpy_print_stack ();
351     }
352 }
353 
354 /* Callback for `bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope'.  Triggers Python's
355    `B->out_of_scope' function if B is a FinishBreakpoint out of its scope.
356 
357    When DELETE_BP is true then breakpoint B will be deleted if B is a
358    FinishBreakpoint and it is out of scope, otherwise B will not be
359    deleted.  */
360 
361 static void
bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope_cb(struct breakpoint * b,struct breakpoint * bp_stopped,bool delete_bp)362 bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope_cb (struct breakpoint *b,
363                                         struct breakpoint *bp_stopped,
364                                         bool delete_bp)
365 {
366   PyObject *py_bp = (PyObject *) b->py_bp_object;
367 
368   /* Trigger out_of_scope if this is a FinishBreakpoint and its frame is
369      not anymore in the current callstack.  */
370   if (py_bp != NULL && b->py_bp_object->is_finish_bp)
371     {
372       struct finish_breakpoint_object *finish_bp =
373             (struct finish_breakpoint_object *) py_bp;
374 
375       /* Check scope if not currently stopped at the FinishBreakpoint.  */
376       if (b != bp_stopped)
377           {
378             try
379               {
380                 struct frame_id initiating_frame = finish_bp->initiating_frame;
381 
382                 if (b->pspace == current_inferior ()->pspace
383                       && (!target_has_registers ()
384                           || frame_find_by_id (initiating_frame) == NULL))
385                     {
386                       bpfinishpy_out_of_scope (finish_bp);
387                       if (delete_bp)
388                         delete_breakpoint (finish_bp->py_bp.bp);
389                     }
390               }
391             catch (const gdb_exception &except)
392               {
393                 gdbpy_convert_exception (except);
394                 gdbpy_print_stack ();
395               }
396           }
397     }
398 }
399 
400 /* Called when gdbpy_breakpoint_deleted is about to delete a breakpoint.  A
401    chance to trigger the out_of_scope callback (if appropriate) for the
402    associated Python object.  */
403 
404 void
bpfinishpy_pre_delete_hook(struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object * bp_obj)405 bpfinishpy_pre_delete_hook (struct gdbpy_breakpoint_object *bp_obj)
406 {
407   breakpoint *bp = bp_obj->bp;
408   bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope_cb (bp, nullptr, false);
409 }
410 
411 /* Attached to `stop' notifications, check if the execution has run
412    out of the scope of any FinishBreakpoint before it has been hit.  */
413 
414 static void
bpfinishpy_handle_stop(struct bpstat * bs,int print_frame)415 bpfinishpy_handle_stop (struct bpstat *bs, int print_frame)
416 {
417   gdbpy_enter enter_py;
418 
419   for (breakpoint &bp : all_breakpoints_safe ())
420     bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope_cb
421       (&bp, bs == NULL ? NULL : bs->breakpoint_at, true);
422 }
423 
424 /* Attached to `exit' notifications, triggers all the necessary out of
425    scope notifications.  */
426 
427 static void
bpfinishpy_handle_exit(struct inferior * inf)428 bpfinishpy_handle_exit (struct inferior *inf)
429 {
430   gdbpy_enter enter_py (current_inferior ()->arch ());
431 
432   for (breakpoint &bp : all_breakpoints_safe ())
433     bpfinishpy_detect_out_scope_cb (&bp, nullptr, true);
434 }
435 
436 /* Initialize the Python finish breakpoint code.  */
437 
438 static int CPYCHECKER_NEGATIVE_RESULT_SETS_EXCEPTION
gdbpy_initialize_finishbreakpoints(void)439 gdbpy_initialize_finishbreakpoints (void)
440 {
441   if (!gdbpy_breakpoint_init_breakpoint_type ())
442     return -1;
443 
444   if (PyType_Ready (&finish_breakpoint_object_type) < 0)
445     return -1;
446 
447   if (gdb_pymodule_addobject (gdb_module, "FinishBreakpoint",
448                                     (PyObject *) &finish_breakpoint_object_type) < 0)
449     return -1;
450 
451   gdb::observers::normal_stop.attach (bpfinishpy_handle_stop,
452                                               "py-finishbreakpoint");
453   gdb::observers::inferior_exit.attach (bpfinishpy_handle_exit,
454                                                   "py-finishbreakpoint");
455 
456   return 0;
457 }
458 
459 GDBPY_INITIALIZE_FILE (gdbpy_initialize_finishbreakpoints);
460 
461 
462 
463 static gdb_PyGetSetDef finish_breakpoint_object_getset[] = {
464   { "return_value", bpfinishpy_get_returnvalue, NULL,
465   "gdb.Value object representing the return value, if any. \
466 None otherwise.", NULL },
467     { NULL }  /* Sentinel.  */
468 };
469 
470 PyTypeObject finish_breakpoint_object_type =
471 {
472   PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT (NULL, 0)
473   "gdb.FinishBreakpoint",         /*tp_name*/
474   sizeof (struct finish_breakpoint_object),  /*tp_basicsize*/
475   0,                              /*tp_itemsize*/
476   bpfinishpy_dealloc,             /*tp_dealloc*/
477   0,                              /*tp_print*/
478   0,                              /*tp_getattr*/
479   0,                              /*tp_setattr*/
480   0,                              /*tp_compare*/
481   0,                              /*tp_repr*/
482   0,                              /*tp_as_number*/
483   0,                              /*tp_as_sequence*/
484   0,                              /*tp_as_mapping*/
485   0,                              /*tp_hash */
486   0,                              /*tp_call*/
487   0,                              /*tp_str*/
488   0,                              /*tp_getattro*/
489   0,                              /*tp_setattro */
490   0,                              /*tp_as_buffer*/
491   Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,  /*tp_flags*/
492   "GDB finish breakpoint object", /* tp_doc */
493   0,                              /* tp_traverse */
494   0,                              /* tp_clear */
495   0,                              /* tp_richcompare */
496   0,                              /* tp_weaklistoffset */
497   0,                              /* tp_iter */
498   0,                              /* tp_iternext */
499   0,                              /* tp_methods */
500   0,                              /* tp_members */
501   finish_breakpoint_object_getset,/* tp_getset */
502   &breakpoint_object_type,        /* tp_base */
503   0,                              /* tp_dict */
504   0,                              /* tp_descr_get */
505   0,                              /* tp_descr_set */
506   0,                              /* tp_dictoffset */
507   bpfinishpy_init,                /* tp_init */
508   0,                              /* tp_alloc */
509   0                               /* tp_new */
510 };
511