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8LOCAL(8)                                                              LOCAL(8)
9
10<b><a name="name">NAME</a></b>
11       local - Postfix local mail delivery
12
13<b><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></b>
14       <b>local</b> [generic Postfix daemon options]
15
16<b><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></b>
17       The  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> daemon processes delivery requests from the Postfix queue
18       manager to deliver mail to local  recipients.   Each  delivery  request
19       specifies  a  queue file, a sender address, a domain or host to deliver
20       to, and one or more recipients.  This program expects to  be  run  from
21       the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager.
22
23       The  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  daemon  updates queue files and marks recipients as fin-
24       ished, or it informs the queue manager that delivery  should  be  tried
25       again  at  a  later  time.  Delivery  status  reports  are  sent to the
26       <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemon as appropriate.
27
28<b><a name="case_folding">CASE FOLDING</a></b>
29       All delivery decisions are made using the bare recipient name (i.e. the
30       address  localpart),  folded  to  lower  case.   See also under ADDRESS
31       EXTENSION below for a few exceptions.
32
33<b><a name="system-wide_and_user-level_aliasing">SYSTEM-WIDE AND USER-LEVEL ALIASING</a></b>
34       The system administrator can set  up  one  or  more  system-wide  <b>send-</b>
35       <b>mail</b>-style  alias  databases.  Users can have <b>sendmail</b>-style ~/.<b>forward</b>
36       files.  Mail for <i>name</i> is delivered to the alias <i>name</i>,  to  destinations
37       in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>forward</b>, to the mailbox owned by the user <i>name</i>, or it is sent
38       back as undeliverable.
39
40       The system administrator can specify a comma/space  separated  list  of
41       ~/.<b>forward</b> like files through the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#forward_path">forward_path</a></b> configuration parameter.
42       Upon delivery, the local delivery agent tries each pathname in the list
43       until a file is found.
44
45       Delivery via ~/.<b>forward</b> files is done with the privileges of the recip-
46       ient.  Thus, ~/.<b>forward</b> like files must be readable by  the  recipient,
47       and  their  parent directory needs to have "execute" permission for the
48       recipient.
49
50       The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#forward_path">forward_path</a></b> parameter is subject to interpolation of <b>$user</b> (recip-
51       ient  username),  <b>$home</b>  (recipient  home directory), <b>$shell</b> (recipient
52       shell), <b>$recipient</b> (complete recipient address), <b>$extension</b>  (recipient
53       address  extension), <b>$domain</b> (recipient domain), <b>$local</b> (entire recipi-
54       ent   address   localpart)   and   <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a>.</b>   The    forms
55       <i>${name?value}</i> and <i>${name?{value}}</i> (Postfix 3.0 and later) expand condi-
56       tionally to <i>value</i> when <i>$name</i> is defined, and  the  forms  <i>${name:value}</i>
57       <i>${name:{value}}</i>  (Postfix  3.0 and later) expand conditionally to <i>value</i>
58       when <i>$name</i> is not defined.  The form <i>${name?{value1}:{value2}}</i> (Postfix
59       3.0  and  later) expands conditionally to <i>value1</i> when <i>$name</i> is defined,
60       or <i>value2</i> otherwise. Characters that may have special  meaning  to  the
61       shell or file system are replaced with underscores. The list of accept-
62       able characters is specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#forward_expansion_filter">forward_expansion_filter</a></b> configu-
63       ration parameter.
64
65       An  alias  or ~/.<b>forward</b> file may list any combination of external com-
66       mands, destination file names, <b>:include:</b> directives, or mail addresses.
67       See  <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a>  for a precise description. Each line in a user's .<b>for-</b>
68       <b>ward</b> file has the same syntax as the right-hand part of an alias.
69
70       When an address is found in its own alias expansion, delivery  is  made
71       to the user instead. When a user is listed in the user's own ~/.<b>forward</b>
72       file, delivery is made to the user's mailbox instead.  An empty ~/.<b>for-</b>
73       <b>ward</b> file means do not forward mail.
74
75       In  order to prevent the mail system from using up unreasonable amounts
76       of memory, input records read from <b>:include:</b> or from  ~/.<b>forward</b>  files
77       are broken up into chunks of length <b><a href="postconf.5.html#line_length_limit">line_length_limit</a></b>.
78
79       While  expanding  aliases,  ~/.<b>forward</b>  files,  and  so on, the program
80       attempts to avoid duplicate deliveries. The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#duplicate_filter_limit">duplicate_filter_limit</a></b> con-
81       figuration parameter limits the number of remembered recipients.
82
83<b><a name="mail_forwarding">MAIL FORWARDING</a></b>
84       For  the  sake  of reliability, forwarded mail is re-submitted as a new
85       message, so that each recipient has a separate on-file delivery  status
86       record.
87
88       In  order  to  stop  mail  forwarding loops early, the software adds an
89       optional  <b>Delivered-To:</b>  header  with  the  final  envelope   recipient
90       address.  If  mail  arrives for a recipient that is already listed in a
91       <b>Delivered-To:</b> header, the message is bounced.
92
93<b><a name="mailbox_delivery">MAILBOX DELIVERY</a></b>
94       The default per-user mailbox is a file in the UNIX mail spool directory
95       (<b>/var/mail/</b><i>user</i> or <b>/var/spool/mail/</b><i>user</i>); the location can be specified
96       with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_spool_directory">mail_spool_directory</a></b> configuration parameter. Specify  a  name
97       ending in <b>/</b> for <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery.
98
99       Alternatively,  the  per-user  mailbox can be a file in the user's home
100       directory with a name  specified  via  the  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#home_mailbox">home_mailbox</a></b>  configuration
101       parameter. Specify a relative path name. Specify a name ending in <b>/</b> for
102       <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery.
103
104       Mailbox delivery can be delegated to an external command specified with
105       the  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command_maps">mailbox_command_maps</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command">mailbox_command</a></b> configuration parameters.
106       The command executes with the privileges of the recipient user  (excep-
107       tions:  secondary  groups are not enabled; in case of delivery as root,
108       the command executes with the privileges of <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_privs">default_privs</a></b>).
109
110       Mailbox delivery can be delegated  to  alternative  message  transports
111       specified  in the <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> file.  The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport_maps">mailbox_transport_maps</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport">mail</a>-</b>
112       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport">box_transport</a></b> configuration  parameters  specify  an  optional  message
113       transport  that  is  to be used for all local recipients, regardless of
114       whether they  are  found  in  the  UNIX  passwd  database.   The  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport_maps">fall</a>-</b>
115       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport_maps">back_transport_maps</a></b>   and   <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport">fallback_transport</a></b>  parameters  specify  an
116       optional message transport for recipients that are  not  found  in  the
117       <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a> or UNIX passwd database.
118
119       In  the  case  of  UNIX-style  mailbox  delivery,  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> daemon
120       prepends a "<b>From</b> <i>sender time</i><b>_</b><i>stamp</i>" envelope header  to  each  message,
121       prepends  an  <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given
122       to Postfix, prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header  with  the  final
123       envelope  recipient  address,  prepends  a <b>Return-Path:</b> header with the
124       envelope sender address, prepends a &gt; character to lines beginning with
125       "<b>From</b>  ",  and appends an empty line.  The mailbox is locked for exclu-
126       sive access while delivery is in progress.  In  case  of  problems,  an
127       attempt is made to truncate the mailbox to its original length.
128
129       In  the case of <b>maildir</b> delivery, the local daemon prepends an optional
130       <b>Delivered-To:</b>  header  with  the  final  envelope  recipient   address,
131       prepends  an  <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given
132       to Postfix, and prepends a <b>Return-Path:</b> header with the envelope sender
133       address.
134
135<b><a name="external_command_delivery">EXTERNAL COMMAND DELIVERY</a></b>
136       The  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_commands">allow_mail_to_commands</a></b>  configuration parameter restricts delivery
137       to external commands. The default setting (<b>alias, forward</b>) forbids com-
138       mand destinations in <b>:include:</b> files.
139
140       Optionally, the process working directory is changed to the path speci-
141       fied with <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">command_execution_directory</a></b> (Postfix 2.2 and later).  Failure
142       to change directory causes mail to be deferred.
143
144       The  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">command_execution_directory</a></b> parameter value is subject to interpo-
145       lation of <b>$user</b> (recipient username), <b>$home</b> (recipient home directory),
146       <b>$shell</b>  (recipient  shell),  <b>$recipient</b>  (complete  recipient address),
147       <b>$extension</b> (recipient address extension), <b>$domain</b>  (recipient  domain),
148       <b>$local</b>  (entire  recipient address localpart) and <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a>.</b>
149       The forms <i>${name?value}</i> and <i>${name?{value}}</i>  (Postfix  3.0  and  later)
150       expand  conditionally  to  <i>value</i>  when  <i>$name</i> is defined, and the forms
151       <i>${name:value}</i> and <i>${name:{value}}</i> (Postfix 3.0 and later) expand condi-
152       tionally   to   <i>value</i>   when   <i>$name</i>   is   not   defined.    The  form
153       <i>${name?{value1}:{value2}}</i> (Postfix 3.0 and later) expands conditionally
154       to  <i>value1</i>  when <i>$name</i> is defined, or <i>value2</i> otherwise. Characters that
155       may have special meaning to the shell or file system are replaced  with
156       underscores.  The  list  of acceptable characters is specified with the
157       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#execution_directory_expansion_filter">execution_directory_expansion_filter</a></b> configuration parameter.
158
159       The command is executed directly  where  possible.  Assistance  by  the
160       shell  (<b>/bin/sh</b> on UNIX systems) is used only when the command contains
161       shell magic characters, or when the command invokes  a  shell  built-in
162       command.
163
164       A limited amount of command output (standard output and standard error)
165       is captured for inclusion with non-delivery status reports.  A  command
166       is   forcibly   terminated   if   it  does  not  complete  within  <b>com-</b>
167       <b>mand_time_limit</b> seconds.  Command exit status  codes  are  expected  to
168       follow  the  conventions  defined in &lt;<b>sysexits.h</b>&gt;.  Exit status 0 means
169       normal successful completion.
170
171       Postfix version 2.3 and later support <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC  3463</a>-style  enhanced  status
172       codes.   If  a  command terminates with a non-zero exit status, and the
173       command output begins with an enhanced status code,  this  status  code
174       takes precedence over the non-zero exit status.
175
176       A  limited  amount of message context is exported via environment vari-
177       ables. Characters that may  have  special  meaning  to  the  shell  are
178       replaced with underscores.  The list of acceptable characters is speci-
179       fied with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_expansion_filter">command_expansion_filter</a></b> configuration parameter.
180
181       <b>SHELL</b>  The envelope recipient user's login shell.
182
183       <b>HOME</b>   The envelope recipient user's home directory.
184
185       <b>USER</b>   The bare envelope recipient name.
186
187       <b>EXTENSION</b>
188              The optional envelope recipient address extension.
189
190       <b>DOMAIN</b> The envelope recipient address domain part.
191
192       <b>LOGNAME</b>
193              The bare envelope recipient name.
194
195       <b>LOCAL</b>  The entire envelope recipient address  localpart  (text  to  the
196              left of the rightmost @ character).
197
198       <b>ORIGINAL_RECIPIENT</b>
199              The  entire  envelope  recipient  address,  before  any  address
200              rewriting or aliasing (Postfix 2.5 and later).
201
202       <b>RECIPIENT</b>
203              The entire envelope recipient address.
204
205       <b>SENDER</b> The entire envelope sender address.
206
207       <b>ENVID</b>  The optional <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3461">RFC 3461</a> envelope ID. Available as of Postfix  3.9.
208
209       Additional  remote client information is made available via the follow-
210       ing environment variables:
211
212       <b>CLIENT_ADDRESS</b>
213              Remote client network address. Available as of Postfix 2.2.
214
215       <b>CLIENT_HELO</b>
216              Remote client EHLO command parameter. Available  as  of  Postfix
217              2.2.
218
219       <b>CLIENT_HOSTNAME</b>
220              Remote client hostname. Available as of Postfix 2.2.
221
222       <b>CLIENT_PROTOCOL</b>
223              Remote client protocol. Available as of Postfix 2.2.
224
225       <b>SASL_METHOD</b>
226              SASL  authentication  method specified in the remote client AUTH
227              command. Available as of Postfix 2.2.
228
229       <b>SASL_SENDER</b>
230              SASL sender address specified in the  remote  client  MAIL  FROM
231              command. Available as of Postfix 2.2.
232
233       <b>SASL_USERNAME</b>
234              SASL  username  specified  in  the  remote  client AUTH command.
235              Available as of Postfix 2.2.
236
237       The <b>PATH</b> environment variable is always  reset  to  a  system-dependent
238       default  path, and environment variables whose names are blessed by the
239       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#export_environment">export_environment</a></b> configuration parameter are exported unchanged.
240
241       The current working directory is the mail queue directory.
242
243       The <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> daemon prepends a "<b>From</b> <i>sender time</i><b>_</b><i>stamp</i>" envelope header
244       to  each  message, prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient
245       address as given to Postfix, prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b>  header
246       with  the  final  recipient  envelope  address, prepends a <b>Return-Path:</b>
247       header with the sender envelope address, and appends no empty line.
248
249<b><a name="external_file_delivery">EXTERNAL FILE DELIVERY</a></b>
250       The delivery format depends on the destination  filename  syntax.   The
251       default  is to use UNIX-style mailbox format.  Specify a name ending in
252       <b>/</b> for <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery.
253
254       The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_files">allow_mail_to_files</a></b> configuration parameter restricts  delivery  to
255       external  files. The default setting (<b>alias, forward</b>) forbids file des-
256       tinations in <b>:include:</b> files.
257
258       In the  case  of  UNIX-style  mailbox  delivery,  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  daemon
259       prepends  a  "<b>From</b>  <i>sender time</i><b>_</b><i>stamp</i>" envelope header to each message,
260       prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address  as  given
261       to  Postfix,  prepends  an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the final
262       recipient envelope address, prepends a &gt; character to  lines  beginning
263       with  "<b>From</b>  ", and appends an empty line.  The envelope sender address
264       is available in the <b>Return-Path:</b> header.  When  the  destination  is  a
265       regular  file,  it  is locked for exclusive access while delivery is in
266       progress. In case of problems, an attempt is made to truncate a regular
267       file to its original length.
268
269       In  the case of <b>maildir</b> delivery, the local daemon prepends an optional
270       <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the final  envelope  recipient  address,  and
271       prepends  an  <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given
272       to  Postfix.   The  envelope  sender  address  is  available   in   the
273       <b>Return-Path:</b> header.
274
275<b><a name="address_extension">ADDRESS EXTENSION</a></b>
276       The  optional <b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a></b> configuration parameter specifies how
277       to separate address extensions from local recipient names.
278
279       For example, with "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a>  =  +</b>",  mail  for  <i>name</i>+<i>foo</i>  is
280       delivered  to  the alias <i>name</i>+<i>foo</i> or to the alias <i>name</i>, to the destina-
281       tions listed in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>forward</b>+<i>foo</i> or in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>forward</b>, to the mailbox
282       owned by the user <i>name</i>, or it is sent back as undeliverable.
283
284<b><a name="delivery_rights">DELIVERY RIGHTS</a></b>
285       Deliveries  to  external  files and external commands are made with the
286       rights of the receiving user on whose behalf the delivery is made.   In
287       the  absence  of  a  user  context,  the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> daemon uses the owner
288       rights of the <b>:include:</b> file or alias database.  When those  files  are
289       owned by the superuser, delivery is made with the rights specified with
290       the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_privs">default_privs</a></b> configuration parameter.
291
292<b><a name="standards">STANDARDS</a></b>
293       <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822">RFC 822</a> (ARPA Internet Text Messages)
294       <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes)
295
296<b><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></b>
297       Problems and transactions are  logged  to  <b>syslogd</b>(8)  or  <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a>.
298       Corrupted  message  files are marked so that the queue manager can move
299       them to the <b>corrupt</b> queue afterwards.
300
301       Depending on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b> parameter, the  postmas-
302       ter is notified of bounces and of other trouble.
303
304<b><a name="security">SECURITY</a></b>
305       The  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery agent needs a dual personality 1) to access the
306       private Postfix queue and IPC mechanisms, 2) to impersonate the recipi-
307       ent  and deliver to recipient-specified files or commands. It is there-
308       fore security sensitive.
309
310       The <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent disallows regular  expression  substitution
311       of $1 etc. in <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a></b>, because that would open a security hole.
312
313       The  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  agent will silently ignore requests to use the
314       <a href="proxymap.8.html"><b>proxymap</b>(8)</a> server within <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a></b>. Instead it will  open  the  table
315       directly.  Before Postfix version 2.2, the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent will
316       terminate with a fatal error.
317
318<b><a name="bugs">BUGS</a></b>
319       For security reasons, the message delivery status of external  commands
320       or  of  external  files is never checkpointed to file. As a result, the
321       program may occasionally deliver more than once to a command or  exter-
322       nal file. Better safe than sorry.
323
324       Mutually-recursive  aliases or ~/.<b>forward</b> files are not detected early.
325       The resulting mail forwarding loop is broken by the use of  the  <b>Deliv-</b>
326       <b>ered-To:</b> message header.
327
328<b><a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a></b>
329       Changes  to  <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are picked up automatically, as <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> processes
330       run for only a limited amount of time. Use the command "<b>postfix reload</b>"
331       to speed up a change.
332
333       The  text  below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for
334       more details including examples.
335
336<b><a name="compatibility_controls">COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</a></b>
337       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#biff">biff</a> (yes)</b>
338              Whether or not to use the local <a href="postconf.5.html#biff">biff</a> service.
339
340       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#expand_owner_alias">expand_owner_alias</a> (no)</b>
341              When  delivering  to  an   alias   "<i>aliasname</i>"   that   has   an
342              "owner-<i>aliasname</i>"  companion  alias,  set  the  envelope  sender
343              address to the expansion of the "owner-<i>aliasname</i>" alias.
344
345       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#owner_request_special">owner_request_special</a> (yes)</b>
346              Enable special  treatment  for  owner-<i>listname</i>  entries  in  the
347              <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a>  file,  and  don't  split  owner-<i>listname</i>  and  <i>list-</i>
348              <i>name</i>-request address localparts when the <a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a>  is
349              set to "-".
350
351       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sun_mailtool_compatibility">sun_mailtool_compatibility</a> (no)</b>
352              Obsolete SUN mailtool compatibility feature.
353
354       Available in Postfix version 2.3 and later:
355
356       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#frozen_delivered_to">frozen_delivered_to</a> (yes)</b>
357              Update  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent's idea of the Delivered-To:
358              address (see <a href="postconf.5.html#prepend_delivered_header">prepend_delivered_header</a>) only once, at  the  start
359              of  a  delivery attempt; do not update the Delivered-To: address
360              while expanding aliases or .forward files.
361
362       Available in Postfix version 2.5.3 and later:
363
364       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#strict_mailbox_ownership">strict_mailbox_ownership</a> (yes)</b>
365              Defer delivery when a mailbox file is not owned by  its  recipi-
366              ent.
367
368       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#reset_owner_alias">reset_owner_alias</a> (no)</b>
369              Reset  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  agent's  idea of the owner-alias
370              attribute, when delivering mail to a child alias that  does  not
371              have its own owner alias.
372
373       Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:
374
375       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#local_delivery_status_filter">local_delivery_status_filter</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_status_filter">default_delivery_status_filter</a>)</b>
376              Optional  filter  for  the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent to change the
377              status code or explanatory text of  successful  or  unsuccessful
378              deliveries.
379
380<b><a name="delivery_method_controls">DELIVERY METHOD CONTROLS</a></b>
381       The  precedence  of  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  methods  from  high to low is:
382       aliases,  .forward  files,  <a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport_maps">mailbox_transport_maps</a>,  <a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport">mailbox_transport</a>,
383       <a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command_maps">mailbox_command_maps</a>,  <a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command">mailbox_command</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#home_mailbox">home_mailbox</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#mail_spool_directory">mail_spool_direc</a>-
384       <a href="postconf.5.html#mail_spool_directory">tory</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport_maps">fallback_transport_maps</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport">fallback_transport</a>, and <a href="postconf.5.html#luser_relay">luser_relay</a>.
385
386       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
387              Optional lookup tables that are  searched  only  with  an  email
388              address  localpart  (no  domain) and that apply only to <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>
389              recipients; this is unlike  <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a>  that  are  often
390              searched  with  a full email address (including domain) and that
391              apply to all recipients: <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>, virtual, and remote.
392
393       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#forward_path">forward_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
394              The <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent search list for finding  a  .forward
395              file with user-specified delivery methods.
396
397       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport_maps">mailbox_transport_maps</a> (empty)</b>
398              Optional  lookup  tables  with  per-recipient  message  delivery
399              transports to use for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mailbox delivery, whether or  not
400              the recipients are found in the UNIX passwd database.
401
402       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_transport">mailbox_transport</a> (empty)</b>
403              Optional  message  delivery transport that the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery
404              agent should use for mailbox delivery to all  local  recipients,
405              whether or not they are found in the UNIX passwd database.
406
407       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command_maps">mailbox_command_maps</a> (empty)</b>
408              Optional  lookup  tables with per-recipient external commands to
409              use for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mailbox delivery.
410
411       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command">mailbox_command</a> (empty)</b>
412              Optional external  command  that  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  agent
413              should use for mailbox delivery.
414
415       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#home_mailbox">home_mailbox</a> (empty)</b>
416              Optional  pathname  of  a  mailbox  file  relative to a <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>
417              user's home directory.
418
419       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_spool_directory">mail_spool_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
420              The directory where <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> UNIX-style mailboxes are kept.
421
422       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport_maps">fallback_transport_maps</a> (empty)</b>
423              Optional  lookup  tables  with  per-recipient  message  delivery
424              transports for recipients that the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent could
425              not find in the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> or UNIX password database.
426
427       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fallback_transport">fallback_transport</a> (empty)</b>
428              Optional message delivery transport that the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery
429              agent  should use for names that are not found in the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a>
430              or UNIX password database.
431
432       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#luser_relay">luser_relay</a> (empty)</b>
433              Optional catch-all destination for unknown <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  recipients.
434
435       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:
436
437       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">command_execution_directory</a> (empty)</b>
438              The  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  agent working directory for delivery to
439              external commands.
440
441<b><a name="mailbox_locking_controls">MAILBOX LOCKING CONTROLS</a></b>
442       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#deliver_lock_attempts">deliver_lock_attempts</a> (20)</b>
443              The maximal number of attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on a
444              mailbox file or <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> logfile.
445
446       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#deliver_lock_delay">deliver_lock_delay</a> (1s)</b>
447              The  time  between  attempts  to  acquire an exclusive lock on a
448              mailbox file or <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> logfile.
449
450       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#stale_lock_time">stale_lock_time</a> (500s)</b>
451              The time after which  a  stale  exclusive  mailbox  lockfile  is
452              removed.
453
454       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_delivery_lock">mailbox_delivery_lock</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
455              How  to  lock  a  UNIX-style  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mailbox before attempting
456              delivery.
457
458<b><a name="resource_and_rate_controls">RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</a></b>
459       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_time_limit">command_time_limit</a> (1000s)</b>
460              Time limit for delivery to external commands.
461
462       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#duplicate_filter_limit">duplicate_filter_limit</a> (1000)</b>
463              The maximal number of addresses remembered by the address dupli-
464              cate filter for <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> or <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias expansion, or for
465              <a href="showq.8.html"><b>showq</b>(8)</a> queue displays.
466
467       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_size_limit">mailbox_size_limit</a> (51200000)</b>
468              The maximal size of any <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> individual mailbox  or  maildir
469              file, or zero (no limit).
470
471       Implemented in the <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a> daemon:
472
473       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_concurrency_limit">local_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (2)</b>
474              The  maximal  number  of  parallel deliveries via the local mail
475              delivery transport to the same recipient  (when  "<a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_recipient_limit">local_destina</a>-
476              <a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_recipient_limit">tion_recipient_limit</a>  =  1")  or  the maximal number of parallel
477              deliveries  to  the  same  local  domain  (when  "<a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_recipient_limit">local_destina</a>-
478              <a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_recipient_limit">tion_recipient_limit</a> &gt; 1").
479
480       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#local_destination_recipient_limit">local_destination_recipient_limit</a> (1)</b>
481              The  maximal  number  of recipients per message delivery via the
482              local mail delivery transport.
483
484<b><a name="security_controls">SECURITY CONTROLS</a></b>
485       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_commands">allow_mail_to_commands</a> (alias, forward)</b>
486              Restrict <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mail delivery to external commands.
487
488       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_files">allow_mail_to_files</a> (alias, forward)</b>
489              Restrict <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mail delivery to external files.
490
491       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_expansion_filter">command_expansion_filter</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
492              Restrict the characters that the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent  allows
493              in  $name  expansions  of  $<a href="postconf.5.html#mailbox_command">mailbox_command</a>  and $<a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">command_execu</a>-
494              <a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">tion_directory</a>.
495
496       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_privs">default_privs</a> (nobody)</b>
497              The default rights used  by  the  <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>  delivery  agent  for
498              delivery to an external file or command.
499
500       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#forward_expansion_filter">forward_expansion_filter</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
501              Restrict  the characters that the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent allows
502              in $name expansions of $<a href="postconf.5.html#forward_path">forward_path</a>.
503
504       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:
505
506       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#execution_directory_expansion_filter">execution_directory_expansion_filter</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
507              Restrict the characters that the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent  allows
508              in $name expansions of $<a href="postconf.5.html#command_execution_directory">command_execution_directory</a>.
509
510       Available in Postfix version 2.5.3 and later:
511
512       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#strict_mailbox_ownership">strict_mailbox_ownership</a> (yes)</b>
513              Defer  delivery  when a mailbox file is not owned by its recipi-
514              ent.
515
516<b><a name="miscellaneous_controls">MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</a></b>
517       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
518              The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and  <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>  con-
519              figuration files.
520
521       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_timeout">daemon_timeout</a> (18000s)</b>
522              How  much  time  a  Postfix  daemon process may take to handle a
523              request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
524
525       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b>
526              The maximal number of digits after the decimal point  when  log-
527              ging delay values.
528
529       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#export_environment">export_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
530              The  list  of  environment variables that a Postfix process will
531              export to non-Postfix processes.
532
533       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#ipc_timeout">ipc_timeout</a> (3600s)</b>
534              The time limit for sending  or  receiving  information  over  an
535              internal communication channel.
536
537       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#local_command_shell">local_command_shell</a> (empty)</b>
538              Optional shell program for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery to non-Postfix com-
539              mands.
540
541       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a> (100s)</b>
542              The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix  daemon  process
543              waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
544
545       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a> (100)</b>
546              The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
547              process will service before terminating voluntarily.
548
549       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#prepend_delivered_header">prepend_delivered_header</a> (command, file, forward)</b>
550              The  message delivery contexts where the Postfix <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> deliv-
551              ery agent prepends a  Delivered-To:   message  header  with  the
552              address that the mail was delivered to.
553
554       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
555              The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
556
557       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
558              The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
559
560       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a> (canonical, virtual)</b>
561              What  address  lookup  tables copy an address extension from the
562              lookup key to the lookup result.
563
564       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
565              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
566
567       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> (empty)</b>
568              The set of characters that can separate an email address  local-
569              part, user name, or a .forward file name from its extension.
570
571       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#require_home_directory">require_home_directory</a> (no)</b>
572              Require that a <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> recipient's home directory exists before
573              mail delivery is attempted.
574
575       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
576              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
577
578       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
579              A prefix that  is  prepended  to  the  process  name  in  syslog
580              records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
581
582       Available in Postfix version 3.3 and later:
583
584       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#enable_original_recipient">enable_original_recipient</a> (yes)</b>
585              Enable  support  for  the  original  recipient  address after an
586              address is rewritten to a different address  (for  example  with
587              aliasing or with canonical mapping).
588
589       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)</b>
590              The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process.
591
592       Available in Postfix 3.5 and later:
593
594       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#info_log_address_format">info_log_address_format</a> (external)</b>
595              The  email  address  form that will be used in non-debug logging
596              (info, warning, etc.).
597
598<b><a name="files">FILES</a></b>
599       The following are examples; details differ between systems.
600       $HOME/.forward, per-user aliasing
601       /etc/aliases, system-wide alias database
602       /var/spool/mail, system mailboxes
603
604<b><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></b>
605       <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
606       <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports
607       <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, create/update alias database
608       <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update alias database
609       <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>, format of alias database
610       <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
611       <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options
612       <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging
613       syslogd(8), system logging
614
615<b><a name="license">LICENSE</a></b>
616       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
617
618<b><a name="history">HISTORY</a></b>
619       The <b>Delivered-To:</b> message header appears in the <b>qmail</b> system by  Daniel
620       Bernstein.
621
622       The  <i>maildir</i> structure appears in the <b>qmail</b> system by Daniel Bernstein.
623
624<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
625       Wietse Venema
626       IBM T.J. Watson Research
627       P.O. Box 704
628       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
629
630       Wietse Venema
631       Google, Inc.
632       111 8th Avenue
633       New York, NY 10011, USA
634
635       Wietse Venema
636       porcupine.org
637
638                                                                      LOCAL(8)
639</pre> </body> </html>
640