1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.15 2004/10/01 04:08:45 jsg Exp $ */
2
3 /*
4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * distribution.
16 *
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 */
29
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.9 1999/08/28 00:13:52 peter Exp $";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/stat.h>
37 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
38 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
39 #endif
40 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
41 #ifndef __FreeBSD__
42 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
43 #endif
44 #include <sys/mount.h>
45
46 #include <ctype.h>
47 #include <err.h>
48 #include <errno.h>
49 #include <fcntl.h>
50 #include <paths.h>
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #include <stdlib.h>
53 #include <string.h>
54 #include <unistd.h>
55 #ifdef __OpenBSD__
56 #include <util.h>
57 #endif
58
59 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
60 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
61 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
62
63 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
64 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */
65 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
66 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
67 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
68 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
69 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
70 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
71 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
74 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
75 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
77
78 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
79 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
80 MINCLS32)
81
82 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
83 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
84 MAXCLS32)
85
86 #define mk1(p, x) \
87 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
88
89 #define mk2(p, x) \
90 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
91 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
92
93 #define mk4(p, x) \
94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
96 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
97 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
98
99 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
100 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
101 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
102 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
103
104 struct bs {
105 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
106 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
107 };
108
109 struct bsbpb {
110 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
111 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
112 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
113 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
114 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
115 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
116 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
117 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
118 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
119 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
120 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
121 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
122 };
123
124 struct bsxbpb {
125 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
126 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
127 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
128 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
129 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
130 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
131 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
132 };
133
134 struct bsx {
135 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
136 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
137 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
138 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
139 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
140 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
141 };
142
143 struct de {
144 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
145 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
146 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
147 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
148 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
149 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
150 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
151 };
152
153 struct bpb {
154 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
155 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
156 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
157 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
158 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
159 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
160 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
161 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
162 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
163 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
164 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
165 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
166 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
167 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
168 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
169 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
170 };
171
172 static struct {
173 const char *name;
174 struct bpb bpb;
175 } stdfmt[] = {
176 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}},
177 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}},
178 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}},
179 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}},
180 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}},
181 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}},
182 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}},
183 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}}
184 };
185
186 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
187 0xfa, /* cli */
188 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
189 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
190 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
191 0xfb, /* sti */
192 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
193 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
194 0x5e, /* pop si */
195 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
196 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
197 0xfc, /* cld */
198 0xac, /* lodsb */
199 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
200 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
201 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
202 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
203 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
204 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
205 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
206 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
207 0x0d, 0x0a,
208 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
209 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
210 0x0d, 0x0a,
211 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
212 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
213 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
214 0x0d, 0x0a,
215 0
216 };
217
218 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
219 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
220 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
221 struct bpb *);
222 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
223 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
224 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
225 static int oklabel(const char *);
226 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
227 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
228 static void usage(void);
229
230 /*
231 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
232 */
233 int
main(int argc,char * argv[])234 main(int argc, char *argv[])
235 {
236 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:";
237 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f;
238 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e;
239 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r;
240 static u_int opt_s, opt_u;
241 static int opt_N;
242 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag;
243 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
244 struct stat sb;
245 struct timeval tv;
246 struct bpb bpb;
247 struct tm *tm;
248 struct bs *bs;
249 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
250 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
251 struct bsx *bsx;
252 struct de *de;
253 u_int8_t *img;
254 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
255 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
256 #endif
257 #ifdef __OpenBSD__
258 const char *dtype, *bname;
259 char *sname, *fname;
260 #endif
261 ssize_t n;
262 time_t now;
263 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
264 int ch, fd, fd1;
265
266 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
267 switch (ch) {
268 case 'N':
269 opt_N = 1;
270 break;
271 case 'B':
272 opt_B = optarg;
273 break;
274 case 'F':
275 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
276 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
277 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
278 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
279 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
280 break;
281 case 'I':
282 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
283 Iflag = 1;
284 break;
285 case 'L':
286 if (!oklabel(optarg))
287 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
288 opt_L = optarg;
289 break;
290 case 'O':
291 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
292 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
293 opt_O = optarg;
294 break;
295 case 'S':
296 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
297 break;
298 case 'a':
299 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
300 break;
301 case 'b':
302 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
303 opt_c = 0;
304 break;
305 case 'c':
306 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
307 opt_b = 0;
308 break;
309 case 'e':
310 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
311 break;
312 case 'f':
313 opt_f = optarg;
314 break;
315 case 'h':
316 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
317 break;
318 case 'i':
319 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
320 break;
321 case 'k':
322 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
323 break;
324 case 'm':
325 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
326 mflag = 1;
327 break;
328 case 'n':
329 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
330 break;
331 case 'o':
332 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
333 oflag = 1;
334 break;
335 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */
336 break;
337 case 'r':
338 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
339 break;
340 case 's':
341 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
342 break;
343 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */
344 break;
345 case 'u':
346 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
347 break;
348 default:
349 usage();
350 }
351 argc -= optind;
352 argv += optind;
353 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
354 usage();
355 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
356 fname = *argv++;
357 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) {
358 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
359 if (stat(buf, &sb))
360 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
361 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
362 err(1, NULL);
363 }
364 #endif
365 #ifdef __OpenBSD__
366 sname = *argv++;
367 #endif
368 dtype = *argv;
369 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
370 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 ||
371 #else
372 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 ||
373 #endif
374 fstat(fd, &sb))
375 err(1, "%s", fname);
376 if (!opt_N)
377 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
378 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
379 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname);
380 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
381 if (opt_f) {
382 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
383 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
384 bpb.sec = 0;
385 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
386 bpb.spf = 0;
387 }
388 if (opt_h)
389 bpb.hds = opt_h;
390 if (opt_u)
391 bpb.spt = opt_u;
392 if (opt_S)
393 bpb.bps = opt_S;
394 if (opt_s)
395 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
396 if (oflag)
397 bpb.hid = opt_o;
398 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag)))
399 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
400 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
401 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
402 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
403 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
404 bpb.bps, MINBPS);
405 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
406 if (opt_f)
407 fat = 12;
408 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
409 fat = 32;
410 }
411 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
412 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
413 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
414 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
415 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
416 bpb.rde = 0;
417 if (opt_b) {
418 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
419 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
420 if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
421 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
422 opt_b, bpb.bps);
423 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
424 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
425 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
426 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
427 }
428 if (opt_c) {
429 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
430 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
431 bpb.spc = opt_c;
432 }
433 if (opt_r)
434 bpb.res = opt_r;
435 if (opt_n) {
436 if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
437 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
438 opt_n, MAXNFT);
439 bpb.nft = opt_n;
440 }
441 if (opt_e)
442 bpb.rde = opt_e;
443 if (mflag) {
444 if (opt_m < 0xf0)
445 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
446 bpb.mid = opt_m;
447 }
448 if (opt_a)
449 bpb.bspf = opt_a;
450 if (opt_i)
451 bpb.infs = opt_i;
452 if (opt_k)
453 bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
454 bss = 1;
455 bname = NULL;
456 fd1 = -1;
457 if (opt_B) {
458 bname = opt_B;
459 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
460 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
461 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
462 err(1, NULL);
463 }
464 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
465 err(1, "%s", bname);
466 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
467 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
468 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
469 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
470 }
471 if (!bpb.nft)
472 bpb.nft = 2;
473 if (!fat) {
474 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
475 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
476 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
477 bpb.nft +
478 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
479 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
480 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
481 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
482 fat = 12;
483 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
484 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
485 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
486 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
487 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
488 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
489 fat = 16;
490 else
491 fat = 32;
492 }
493 x = bss;
494 if (fat == 32) {
495 if (!bpb.infs) {
496 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
497 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
498 bpb.infs = x;
499 }
500 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
501 x = bpb.infs + 1;
502 if (!bpb.bkbs) {
503 if (x == MAXU16)
504 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
505 bpb.bkbs = x;
506 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
507 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
508 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
509 x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
510 }
511 if (!bpb.res)
512 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
513 else if (bpb.res < x)
514 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
515 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
516 bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
517 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
518 if (!bpb.spc)
519 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
520 bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
521 bpb.res +
522 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
523 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
524 rds +
525 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
526 bpb.spc <<= 1);
527 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
528 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
529 x1 = bpb.res + rds;
530 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
531 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
532 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
533 x1 += x * bpb.nft;
534 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
535 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
536 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
537 bpb.bps * NPB);
538 if (!bpb.bspf) {
539 bpb.bspf = x2;
540 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
541 }
542 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
543 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
544 if (cls > x)
545 cls = x;
546 if (bpb.bspf < x2)
547 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
548 cls);
549 if (cls < mincls(fat))
550 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
551 mincls(fat));
552 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
553 cls = maxcls(fat);
554 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
555 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
556 bpb.bsec);
557 }
558 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
559 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
560 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
561 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
562 if (!bpb.mid)
563 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
564 if (fat == 32)
565 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
566 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
567 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
568 bpb.bsec = 0;
569 }
570 if (fat != 32) {
571 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
572 bpb.bspf = 0;
573 }
574 print_bpb(&bpb);
575 if (!opt_N) {
576 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
577 now = tv.tv_sec;
578 tm = localtime(&now);
579 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
580 err(1, NULL);
581 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
582 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
583 x = lsn;
584 if (opt_B &&
585 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
586 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
587 x -= bpb.bkbs;
588 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET))
589 err(1, "%s", bname);
590 }
591 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
592 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
593 err(1, "%s", bname);
594 if (n != bpb.bps)
595 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
596 } else
597 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
598 if (!lsn ||
599 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
600 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
601 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
602 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
603 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
604 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
605 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
606 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
607 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
608 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
609 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
610 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
611 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
612 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
613 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
614 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
615 if (fat == 32) {
616 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
617 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
618 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
619 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
620 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
621 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
622 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
623 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
624 }
625 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
626 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
627 if (Iflag)
628 x = opt_I;
629 else
630 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
631 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
632 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
633 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
634 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
635 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
636 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
637 mk4(bsx->volid, x);
638 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
639 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat);
640 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
641 if (!opt_B) {
642 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
643 bs = (struct bs *)img;
644 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
645 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
646 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
647 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
648 sizeof(bs->oem));
649 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
650 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC);
651 }
652 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
653 (lsn == bpb.infs ||
654 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
655 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
656 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
657 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272);
658 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff);
659 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl);
660 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC);
661 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
662 !((lsn - bpb.res) %
663 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
664 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
665 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
666 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
667 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
668 de = (struct de *)img;
669 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
670 mk1(de->attr, 050);
671 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
672 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
673 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
674 mk2(de->time, x);
675 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
676 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
677 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
678 mk2(de->date, x);
679 }
680 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
681 err(1, "%s", fname);
682 if (n != bpb.bps)
683 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
684 }
685 }
686 return 0;
687 }
688
689 /*
690 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
691 */
692 static void
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)693 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
694 {
695 struct statfs *mp;
696 const char *s1, *s2;
697 size_t len;
698 int n, r;
699
700 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
701 err(1, "getmntinfo");
702 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
703 s1 = fname;
704 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
705 s1 += len;
706 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
707 for (; n--; mp++) {
708 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
709 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
710 s2 += len;
711 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
712 !strcmp(s1, s2))
713 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
714 }
715 }
716
717 /*
718 * Get a standard format.
719 */
720 static void
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)721 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
722 {
723 u_int x, i;
724
725 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
726 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
727 if (i == x)
728 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
729 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
730 }
731
732 /*
733 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
734 */
735 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)736 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag,
737 struct bpb *bpb)
738 {
739 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
740 struct diskslices ds;
741 int slice = -1;
742 char *s;
743 int fd1, e;
744 #endif
745 struct disklabel dl, *lp;
746 const char *s1, *s2;
747 int part, i;
748
749 part = -1;
750 s1 = fname;
751 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/')))
752 s1 = s2 + 1;
753 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++);
754 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1)
755 s2 = NULL;
756 else
757 while (isdigit(*++s2));
758 s1 = s2;
759 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
760 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') {
761 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10);
762 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE)
763 s2 = NULL;
764 else {
765 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1;
766 s2 = s;
767 }
768 }
769 #endif
770 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) {
771 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
772 if (slice == -1)
773 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE;
774 #endif
775 part = *s2++ - 'a';
776 }
777 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.'))
778 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname);
779 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
780 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) {
781 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) {
782 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)");
783 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname);
784 }
785 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size)
786 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname);
787 if (!oflag)
788 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset;
789 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1)
790 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size;
791 }
792 if (((slice == -1 || part != -1) &&
793 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) ||
794 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) {
795 lp = &dl;
796 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
797 if (i == -1 && slice != -1 && part == -1) {
798 e = errno;
799 if (!(s = strdup(fname)))
800 err(1, NULL);
801 s[s1 - fname] = 0;
802 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) {
803 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
804 close(fd1);
805 }
806 free(s);
807 errno = e;
808 }
809 if (i == -1) {
810 if (!dtype) {
811 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
812 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; "
813 "disk type must be specified", fname);
814 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype)))
815 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype);
816 }
817 if (slice == -1 || part != -1) {
818 if (part == -1)
819 part = RAW_PART;
820 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions ||
821 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size)
822 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname);
823 if (!oflag && part != -1)
824 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset;
825 if (!bpb->bsec)
826 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size;
827 }
828 if (!bpb->bps)
829 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
830 if (!bpb->spt)
831 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
832 if (!bpb->hds)
833 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
834 }
835 #endif
836 #ifdef __OpenBSD__
837 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) ||
838 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) {
839 lp = &dl;
840 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
841 if (i == -1) {
842 if (!dtype) {
843 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
844 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; "
845 "disk type must be specified", fname);
846 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype)))
847 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype);
848 }
849 if (part == -1)
850 part = RAW_PART;
851 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions ||
852 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size)
853 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname);
854 if (!oflag && part != -1)
855 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset;
856 if (!bpb->bsec)
857 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size;
858 if (!bpb->bps)
859 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
860 if (!bpb->spt)
861 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
862 if (!bpb->hds)
863 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
864 if (bpb->spt > 63) {
865 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63;
866 bpb->spt = 63;
867 }
868 }
869 #endif
870 }
871
872 /*
873 * Print out BPB values.
874 */
875 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)876 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
877 {
878 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
879 bpb->nft);
880 if (bpb->rde)
881 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
882 if (bpb->sec)
883 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
884 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
885 if (bpb->spf)
886 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
887 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
888 if (bpb->bsec)
889 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
890 if (!bpb->spf) {
891 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
892 printf(" infs=");
893 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
894 printf(" bkbs=");
895 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
896 }
897 printf("\n");
898 }
899
900 /*
901 * Check a disk geometry value.
902 */
903 static u_int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)904 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
905 {
906 if (!val)
907 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
908 if (val > MAXU16)
909 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg);
910 return val;
911 }
912
913 /*
914 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
915 */
916 static u_int
argtou(const char * arg,u_int lo,u_int hi,const char * msg)917 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
918 {
919 char *s;
920 u_long x;
921
922 errno = 0;
923 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
924 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
925 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
926 return x;
927 }
928
929 /*
930 * Check a volume label.
931 */
932 static int
oklabel(const char * src)933 oklabel(const char *src)
934 {
935 int c = 0, i;
936
937 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
938 c = (u_char)*src++;
939 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
940 break;
941 }
942 return i && !c;
943 }
944
945 /*
946 * Make a volume label.
947 */
948 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)949 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
950 {
951 int c, i;
952
953 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
954 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
955 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
956 }
957 }
958
959 /*
960 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
961 */
962 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)963 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
964 {
965 while (len--)
966 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
967 }
968
969 /*
970 * Print usage message.
971 */
972 static void
usage(void)973 usage(void)
974 {
975 fprintf(stderr,
976 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n");
977 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n");
978 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: "
979 "just print out parameters\n");
980 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n");
981 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n");
982 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n");
983 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n");
984 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n");
985 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n");
986 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n");
987 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
988 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n");
989 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n");
990 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n");
991 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n");
992 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n");
993 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n");
994 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n");
995 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n");
996 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n");
997 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n");
998 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
999 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
1000 exit(1);
1001 }
1002