PAR_MEM(8)

NAME
par_mem - memory parallelism benchmark

SYNOPSIS
par_mem [ -L <line size> ] [ -M <len> ] [ -W <warmups> ] [ -N <repetitions> ]

DESCRIPTION
par_mem measures the available parallelism in the memory hierarchy, up to len bytes. Modern processors can often service multiple memory requests in parallel, while older processors typically blocked on LOAD instructions and had no available parallelism (other than that provided by cache prefetching). par_mem measures the available parallelism at a variety of points, since the available parallelism is often a function of the data location in the memory hierarchy.

In order to measure the available parallelism par_mem conducts a variety of experiments at each memory size; one for each level of parallelism. It builds a pointer chain of the desired length. It then creates an array of pointers which point to chain entries which are evenly spaced across the chain. Then it starts running the pointers forward through the chain in parallel. It can then measure the average memory latency for each level of parallelism, and the available parallelism is the minimum average memory latency for parallelism 1 divided by the average memory latency across all levels of available parallelism.

For example, the inner loop which measures parallelism 2 would look something like:

for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    p0 = (char **)*p0;
    p1 = (char **)*p1; }

in a for loop (the overhead of the for loop is not significant; the loop is an unrolled loop 100 loads long). In this case, if the hardware can process two LOAD operations in parallel, then the overall latency of the loop should be equivalent to that of a single pointer chain, so the measured parallelism would be roughly two. If, however, the hardware can only process a single LOAD operation at once, or if there is (significant) resource contention between the two LOAD operations, then the loop will be much slower than a loop with a single pointer chain, so the measured parallelism will be less than two, and probably no smaller than one.

OUTPUT
Output format is intended as input to xgraph or some similar program (we use a perl script that produces pic input). There is a set of data produced for each stride. The data set title is the stride size and the data points are the array size in megabytes (floating point value) and the load latency over all points in that array.

SEE ALSO
lmbench(8), line(8), cache(8), tlb(8), par_ops(8).

AUTHOR
Carl Staelin and Larry McVoy

Comments, suggestions, and bug reports are always welcome.