defmodule StringIO do
  @moduledoc """
  Controls an IO device process that wraps a string.

  A `StringIO` IO device can be passed as a "device" to
  most of the functions in the `IO` module.

  ## Examples

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo")
      iex> IO.read(pid, 2)
      "fo"

  """

  # We're implementing the GenServer behaviour instead of using the
  # `use GenServer` macro, because we don't want the `child_spec/1`
  # function as it doesn't make sense to be started under a supervisor.
  @behaviour GenServer

  @doc ~S"""
  Creates an IO device.

  `string` will be the initial input of the newly created
  device.

  The device will be created and sent to the function given.
  When the function returns, the device will be closed. The final
  result will be a tuple with `:ok` and the result of the function.

  ## Options

    * `:capture_prompt` - if set to `true`, prompts (specified as
      arguments to `IO.get*` functions) are captured in the output.
      Defaults to `false`.

    * `:encoding` (since v1.10.0) - encoding of the IO device. Allowed
      values are `:unicode` (default) and `:latin1`.

  ## Examples

      iex> StringIO.open("foo", [], fn pid ->
      ...>   input = IO.gets(pid, ">")
      ...>   IO.write(pid, "The input was #{input}")
      ...>   StringIO.contents(pid)
      ...> end)
      {:ok, {"", "The input was foo"}}

      iex> StringIO.open("foo", [capture_prompt: true], fn pid ->
      ...>   input = IO.gets(pid, ">")
      ...>   IO.write(pid, "The input was #{input}")
      ...>   StringIO.contents(pid)
      ...> end)
      {:ok, {"", ">The input was foo"}}

  """
  @doc since: "1.7.0"
  @spec open(binary, keyword, (pid -> res)) :: {:ok, res} when res: var
  def open(string, options, function)
      when is_binary(string) and is_list(options) and is_function(function, 1) do
    {:ok, pid} = GenServer.start(__MODULE__, {self(), string, options}, [])

    try do
      {:ok, function.(pid)}
    after
      {:ok, {_input, _output}} = close(pid)
    end
  end

  @doc ~S"""
  Creates an IO device.

  `string` will be the initial input of the newly created
  device.

  `options_or_function` can be a keyword list of options or
  a function.

  If options are provided, the result will be `{:ok, pid}`, returning the
  IO device created. The option `:capture_prompt`, when set to `true`, causes
  prompts (which are specified as arguments to `IO.get*` functions) to be
  included in the device's output.

  If a function is provided, the device will be created and sent to the
  function. When the function returns, the device will be closed. The final
  result will be a tuple with `:ok` and the result of the function.

  ## Examples

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo")
      iex> IO.gets(pid, ">")
      "foo"
      iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
      {"", ""}

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo", capture_prompt: true)
      iex> IO.gets(pid, ">")
      "foo"
      iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
      {"", ">"}

      iex> StringIO.open("foo", fn pid ->
      ...>   input = IO.gets(pid, ">")
      ...>   IO.write(pid, "The input was #{input}")
      ...>   StringIO.contents(pid)
      ...> end)
      {:ok, {"", "The input was foo"}}

  """
  @spec open(binary, keyword) :: {:ok, pid}
  @spec open(binary, (pid -> res)) :: {:ok, res} when res: var
  def open(string, options_or_function \\ [])

  def open(string, options_or_function) when is_binary(string) and is_list(options_or_function) do
    GenServer.start(__MODULE__, {self(), string, options_or_function}, [])
  end

  def open(string, options_or_function)
      when is_binary(string) and is_function(options_or_function, 1) do
    open(string, [], options_or_function)
  end

  @doc """
  Returns the current input/output buffers for the given IO
  device.

  ## Examples

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("in")
      iex> IO.write(pid, "out")
      iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
      {"in", "out"}

  """
  @spec contents(pid) :: {binary, binary}
  def contents(pid) when is_pid(pid) do
    GenServer.call(pid, :contents)
  end

  @doc """
  Flushes the output buffer and returns its current contents.

  ## Examples

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("in")
      iex> IO.write(pid, "out")
      iex> StringIO.flush(pid)
      "out"
      iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
      {"in", ""}

  """
  @spec flush(pid) :: binary
  def flush(pid) when is_pid(pid) do
    GenServer.call(pid, :flush)
  end

  @doc """
  Stops the IO device and returns the remaining input/output
  buffers.

  ## Examples

      iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("in")
      iex> IO.write(pid, "out")
      iex> StringIO.close(pid)
      {:ok, {"in", "out"}}

  """
  @spec close(pid) :: {:ok, {binary, binary}}
  def close(pid) when is_pid(pid) do
    GenServer.call(pid, :close)
  end

  ## callbacks

  @impl true
  def init({pid, string, options}) do
    _ = Process.monitor(pid)
    capture_prompt = options[:capture_prompt] || false
    encoding = options[:encoding] || :unicode
    {:ok, %{encoding: encoding, input: string, output: "", capture_prompt: capture_prompt}}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_info({:io_request, from, reply_as, req}, state) do
    state = io_request(from, reply_as, req, state)
    {:noreply, state}
  end

  def handle_info({:DOWN, _, _, _, _}, state) do
    {:stop, :shutdown, state}
  end

  def handle_info(_message, state) do
    {:noreply, state}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_call(:contents, _from, %{input: input, output: output} = state) do
    {:reply, {input, output}, state}
  end

  def handle_call(:flush, _from, %{output: output} = state) do
    {:reply, output, %{state | output: ""}}
  end

  def handle_call(:close, _from, %{input: input, output: output} = state) do
    {:stop, :normal, {:ok, {input, output}}, state}
  end

  defp io_request(from, reply_as, req, state) do
    {reply, state} = io_request(req, state)
    io_reply(from, reply_as, reply)
    state
  end

  defp io_request({:put_chars, chars} = req, state) do
    put_chars(:latin1, chars, req, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:put_chars, mod, fun, args} = req, state) do
    put_chars(:latin1, apply(mod, fun, args), req, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:put_chars, encoding, chars} = req, state) do
    put_chars(encoding, chars, req, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:put_chars, encoding, mod, fun, args} = req, state) do
    put_chars(encoding, apply(mod, fun, args), req, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_chars, prompt, count}, state) when count >= 0 do
    io_request({:get_chars, :latin1, prompt, count}, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_chars, encoding, prompt, count}, state) when count >= 0 do
    get_chars(encoding, prompt, count, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_line, prompt}, state) do
    io_request({:get_line, :latin1, prompt}, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_line, encoding, prompt}, state) do
    get_line(encoding, prompt, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_until, prompt, mod, fun, args}, state) do
    io_request({:get_until, :latin1, prompt, mod, fun, args}, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_until, encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args}, state) do
    get_until(encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args, state)
  end

  defp io_request({:get_password, encoding}, state) do
    get_line(encoding, "", state)
  end

  defp io_request({:setopts, [encoding: encoding]}, state) when encoding in [:latin1, :unicode] do
    {:ok, %{state | encoding: encoding}}
  end

  defp io_request({:setopts, _opts}, state) do
    {{:error, :enotsup}, state}
  end

  defp io_request(:getopts, state) do
    {[binary: true, encoding: state.encoding], state}
  end

  defp io_request({:get_geometry, :columns}, state) do
    {{:error, :enotsup}, state}
  end

  defp io_request({:get_geometry, :rows}, state) do
    {{:error, :enotsup}, state}
  end

  defp io_request({:requests, reqs}, state) do
    io_requests(reqs, {:ok, state})
  end

  defp io_request(_, state) do
    {{:error, :request}, state}
  end

  ## put_chars

  defp put_chars(encoding, chars, req, state) do
    case :unicode.characters_to_binary(chars, encoding, state.encoding) do
      string when is_binary(string) ->
        {:ok, %{state | output: state.output <> string}}

      {_, _, _} ->
        {{:error, {:no_translation, encoding, state.encoding}}, state}
    end
  rescue
    ArgumentError -> {{:error, req}, state}
  end

  ## get_chars

  defp get_chars(encoding, prompt, count, %{input: input} = state) do
    case get_chars(input, encoding, count) do
      {:error, _} = error ->
        {error, state}

      {result, input} ->
        {result, state_after_read(state, input, prompt, 1)}
    end
  end

  defp get_chars("", _encoding, _count) do
    {:eof, ""}
  end

  defp get_chars(input, :latin1, count) when byte_size(input) < count do
    {input, ""}
  end

  defp get_chars(input, :latin1, count) do
    <<chars::binary-size(^count), rest::binary>> = input
    {chars, rest}
  end

  defp get_chars(input, :unicode, count) do
    with {:ok, count} <- split_at(input, count, 0) do
      <<chars::binary-size(^count), rest::binary>> = input
      {chars, rest}
    end
  end

  defp split_at(_, 0, acc),
    do: {:ok, acc}

  defp split_at(<<h::utf8, t::binary>>, count, acc),
    do: split_at(t, count - 1, acc + byte_size(<<h::utf8>>))

  defp split_at(<<_, _::binary>>, _count, _acc),
    do: {:error, :invalid_unicode}

  defp split_at(<<>>, _count, acc),
    do: {:ok, acc}

  ## get_line

  defp get_line(encoding, prompt, %{input: input} = state) do
    case bytes_until_eol(input, encoding, 0) do
      {:split, 0} ->
        {:eof, state_after_read(state, "", prompt, 1)}

      {:split, count} ->
        {result, remainder} = :erlang.split_binary(input, count)
        {result, state_after_read(state, remainder, prompt, 1)}

      {:replace_split, count} ->
        {result, remainder} = :erlang.split_binary(input, count)
        result = binary_part(result, 0, byte_size(result) - 2) <> "\n"
        {result, state_after_read(state, remainder, prompt, 1)}

      :error ->
        {{:error, :collect_line}, state}
    end
  end

  ## get_until

  defp get_until(encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args, %{input: input} = state) do
    case get_until(input, encoding, mod, fun, args, [], 0) do
      {result, input, count} ->
        # Convert :eof to "" as they are both treated the same
        input =
          case input do
            :eof -> ""
            _ -> list_to_binary(input, encoding)
          end

        {get_until_result(result, encoding), state_after_read(state, input, prompt, count)}

      :error ->
        {:error, state}
    end
  end

  defp get_until("", encoding, mod, fun, args, continuation, count) do
    case apply(mod, fun, [continuation, :eof | args]) do
      {:done, result, rest} ->
        {result, rest, count + 1}

      {:more, next_continuation} ->
        get_until("", encoding, mod, fun, args, next_continuation, count + 1)
    end
  end

  defp get_until(chars, encoding, mod, fun, args, continuation, count) do
    case bytes_until_eol(chars, encoding, 0) do
      {kind, size} when kind in [:split, :replace_split] ->
        <<line::binary-size(^size), rest::binary>> = chars

        case apply(mod, fun, [continuation, binary_to_list(line, encoding) | args]) do
          {:done, result, :eof} ->
            {result, rest, count + 1}

          {:done, result, extra} ->
            {result, extra ++ binary_to_list(rest, encoding), count + 1}

          {:more, next_continuation} ->
            get_until(rest, encoding, mod, fun, args, next_continuation, count + 1)
        end

      :error ->
        :error
    end
  end

  defp binary_to_list(data, :unicode) when is_binary(data), do: String.to_charlist(data)
  defp binary_to_list(data, :latin1) when is_binary(data), do: :erlang.binary_to_list(data)

  defp list_to_binary(data, _) when is_binary(data), do: data
  defp list_to_binary(data, :unicode) when is_list(data), do: List.to_string(data)
  defp list_to_binary(data, :latin1) when is_list(data), do: :erlang.list_to_binary(data)

  # From https://www.erlang.org/doc/apps/stdlib/io_protocol.html: result can be any
  # Erlang term, but if it is a list(), the I/O server can convert it to a binary().
  defp get_until_result(data, encoding) when is_list(data), do: list_to_binary(data, encoding)
  defp get_until_result(data, _), do: data

  ## io_requests

  defp io_requests([req | rest], {:ok, state}) do
    io_requests(rest, io_request(req, state))
  end

  defp io_requests(_, result) do
    result
  end

  ## helpers

  defp state_after_read(%{capture_prompt: false} = state, remainder, _prompt, _count) do
    %{state | input: remainder}
  end

  defp state_after_read(%{capture_prompt: true, output: output} = state, remainder, prompt, count) do
    output = <<output::binary, :binary.copy(IO.chardata_to_string(prompt), count)::binary>>
    %{state | input: remainder, output: output}
  end

  defp bytes_until_eol("", _, count), do: {:split, count}
  defp bytes_until_eol(<<"\r\n"::binary, _::binary>>, _, count), do: {:replace_split, count + 2}
  defp bytes_until_eol(<<"\n"::binary, _::binary>>, _, count), do: {:split, count + 1}

  defp bytes_until_eol(<<head::utf8, tail::binary>>, :unicode, count) do
    bytes_until_eol(tail, :unicode, count + byte_size(<<head::utf8>>))
  end

  defp bytes_until_eol(<<_, tail::binary>>, :latin1, count) do
    bytes_until_eol(tail, :latin1, count + 1)
  end

  defp bytes_until_eol(<<_::binary>>, _, _), do: :error

  defp io_reply(from, reply_as, reply) do
    send(from, {:io_reply, reply_as, reply})
  end
end
