UK TeX FAQ -- question label paraparam

### Why does it ignore paragraph parameters?

When TeX is laying out text, it doesn't work from word to word, or from line to line; the smallest complete unit it formats is the paragraph. The paragraph is laid down in a buffer, as it appears, and isn't touched further until the end-paragraph marker is processed. It's at this point that the paragraph parameters have effect; and it's because of this sequence that one often makes mistakes that lead to the paragraph parameters not doing what one would have hoped (or expected).

Consider the following sequence of LaTeX:

>     {\raggedright % declaration for ragged text
>     Here's text to be ranged left in our output,
>     but it's the only such paragraph, so we now
>     end the group.}

>     Here's more that needn't be ragged...

TeX will open a group, and impose the ragged-setting parameters within that group; it will then save a couple of sentences of text and close the group (thus restoring the previous value of the parameters that `\``raggedright` set). Then TeX encounters a blank line, which it knows to treat as a `\``par` token, so it typesets the two sentences; but because the enclosing group has now been closed, the parameter settings have been lost, and the paragraph will be typeset normally.

The solution is simple: close the paragraph inside the group, so that the setting parameters remain in place. An appropriate way of doing that is to replace the last three lines above with:

>     end the group.\par}
>     Here's more that needn't be ragged...

In this way, the paragraph is completed while `\``raggedright`'s parameters are still in force within the enclosing group.

Another alternative is to define an environment that does the appropriate job for you. For the above example, LaTeX already defines an appropriate one:

>     \begin{flushleft}
>     Here's text to be ranged left...
>     \end{flushleft}

In fact, there are a number of parameters for which TeX only maintains one value per paragraph. A tiresome one is the set of upper case/lower case translations, which (oddly enough) constrains hyphenation of mutlilingual texts. Another that regularly creates confusion is `\``baselineskip`.

This question on the Web: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=paraparam