CREATE VIEW(7)

NAME
CREATE_VIEW - define a new view

SYNOPSIS

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
    [ WITH ( view_option_name [= view_option_value] [, ... ] ) ]
    AS query

DESCRIPTION

CREATE VIEW defines a view of a query. The view is not physically materialized. Instead, the query is run every time the view is referenced in a query.

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW is similar, but if a view of the same name already exists, it is replaced. The new query must generate the same columns that were generated by the existing view query (that is, the same column names in the same order and with the same data types), but it may add additional columns to the end of the list. The calculations giving rise to the output columns may be completely different.

If a schema name is given (for example, CREATE VIEW myschema.myview ...) then the view is created in the specified schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. Temporary views exist in a special schema, so a schema name cannot be given when creating a temporary view. The name of the view must be distinct from the name of any other view, table, sequence, index or foreign table in the same schema.

PARAMETERS

TEMPORARY or TEMP
    If specified, the view is created as a temporary view. Temporary views are automatically dropped at the end of the current session. Existing permanent relations with the same name are not visible to the current session while the temporary view exists, unless they are referenced with schema-qualified names.

    If any of the tables referenced by the view are temporary, the view is created as a temporary view (whether TEMPORARY is specified or not).

name
    The name (optionally schema-qualified) of a view to be created.

column_name
    An optional list of names to be used for columns of the view. If not given, the column names are deduced from the query.

WITH ( view_option_name [= view_option_value] [, ... ] )
    This clause specifies optional parameters for a view; currently, the only supported parameter name is security_barrier, which should be enabled when a view is intended to provide row-level security. See Section 37.4, “Rules and Privileges”, in the documentation for full details.

query
    A SELECT(7) or VALUES(7) command which will provide the columns and rows of the view.

NOTES

Currently, views are read only: the system will not allow an insert, update, or delete on a view. You can get the effect of an updatable view by creating INSTEAD triggers on the view, which must convert attempted inserts, etc. on the view into appropriate actions on other tables. For more information see CREATE TRIGGER (CREATE_TRIGGER(7)). Another possibility is to create rules (see CREATE RULE (CREATE_RULE(7))), but in practice triggers are easier to understand and use correctly.

Use the DROP VIEW (DROP_VIEW(7)) statement to drop views.

Be careful that the names and types of the view's columns will be assigned the way you want. For example:

    CREATE VIEW vista AS SELECT 'Hello World';

is bad form in two ways: the column name defaults to ?column?, and the column data type defaults to unknown. If you want a string literal in a view's result, use something like:

    CREATE VIEW vista AS SELECT text 'Hello World' AS hello;

Access to tables referenced in the view is determined by permissions of the view owner. In some cases, this can be used to provide secure but restricted access to the underlying tables. However, not all views are secure against tampering; see Section 37.4, “Rules and Privileges”, in the documentation for details. Functions called in the view are treated the same as if they had been called directly from the query using the view. Therefore the user of a view must have permissions to call all functions used by the view.

When CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW is used on an existing view, only the view's defining SELECT rule is changed. Other view properties, including ownership, permissions, and non-SELECT rules, remain unchanged. You must own the view to replace it (this includes being a member of the owning role).

EXAMPLES

Create a view consisting of all comedy films:

    CREATE VIEW comedies AS
        SELECT *
        FROM films
        WHERE kind = 'Comedy';

This will create a view containing the columns that are in the film table at the time of view creation. Though * was used to create the view, columns added later to the table will not be part of the view.

COMPATIBILITY

The SQL standard specifies some additional capabilities for the CREATE VIEW statement:

    CREATE VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
        AS query
        [ WITH [ CASCADED | LOCAL ] CHECK OPTION ]

The optional clauses for the full SQL command are:

CHECK OPTION
    This option has to do with updatable views. All INSERT and UPDATE commands on the view will be checked to ensure data satisfy the view-defining condition (that is, the new data would be visible through the view). If they do not, the update will be rejected.

LOCAL
    Check for integrity on this view.

CASCADED
    Check for integrity on this view and on any dependent view. CASCADED is assumed if neither CASCADED nor LOCAL is specified.

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW is a PostgreSQL language extension. So is the concept of a temporary view.

SEE ALSO
ALTER VIEW (ALTER_VIEW(7)), DROP VIEW (DROP_VIEW(7))