Calculate Levenshtein distance between two strings

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# levenshtein

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.1, PHP 5)

levenshtein — Calculate Levenshtein distance between two strings

### Description

int levenshtein ( string `$str1` , string `$str2` )
int levenshtein ( string `$str1` , string `$str2` , int `$cost_ins` , int `$cost_rep` , int `$cost_del` )

The Levenshtein distance is defined as the minimal number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform `str1` into `str2`. The complexity of the algorithm is O(m*n), where n and m are the length of `str1` and `str2` (rather good when compared to similar_text(), which is O(max(n,m)**3), but still expensive).

In its simplest form the function will take only the two strings as parameter and will calculate just the number of insert, replace and delete operations needed to transform `str1` into `str2`.

A second variant will take three additional parameters that define the cost of insert, replace and delete operations. This is more general and adaptive than variant one, but not as efficient.

### Parameters

`str1`

  One of the strings being evaluated for Levenshtein distance.

`str2`

  One of the strings being evaluated for Levenshtein distance.

`cost_ins`

  Defines the cost of insertion.

`cost_rep`

  Defines the cost of replacement.

`cost_del`

  Defines the cost of deletion.

### Return Values

This function returns the Levenshtein-Distance between the two argument strings or -1, if one of the argument strings is longer than the limit of 255 characters.

### Examples

Example #1 levenshtein() example

`<?php
// input misspelled word
$input = 'carrrot';
// array of words to check against
$words = array('apple','pineapple','banana','orange',
'radish','carrot','pea','bean','potato');
// no shortest distance found, yet
$shortest = -1;
// loop through words to find the closest
foreach ($words as $word) {
// calculate the distance between the input word,
// and the current word
$lev = levenshtein($input, $word);
// check for an exact match
if ($lev == 0) {
// closest word is this one (exact match)
$closest = $word;
$shortest = 0;
// break out of the loop; we've found an exact match
break;
}
// if this distance is less than the next found shortest
// distance, OR if a next shortest word has not yet been found
if ($lev <= $shortest || $shortest < 0) {
// set the closest match, and shortest distance
$closest = $word;
$shortest = $lev;
}
}
echo "Input word: $input\n";
if ($shortest == 0) {
echo "Exact match found: $closest\n";
} else {
echo "Did you mean: $closest?\n";
}
?>`

The above example will output:

    Input word: carrrot
    Did you mean: carrot?

### See Also

- soundex() - Calculate the soundex key of a string
- similar_text() - Calculate the similarity between two strings
- metaphone() - Calculate the metaphone key of a string

lcfirst
localeconv
String Functions
PHP Manual