Determining Disk Usage

PostgreSQL 8.4.12 Documentation
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# 27.1. Determining Disk Usage

Each table has a primary heap disk file where most of the data is stored. If the table has any columns with potentially-wide values, there is also a TOAST file associated with the table, which is used to store values too wide to fit comfortably in the main table (see Section 53.2). There will be one index on the TOAST table, if present. There might also be indexes associated with the base table. Each table and index is stored in a separate disk file — possibly more than one file, if the file would exceed one gigabyte. Naming conventions for these files are described in Section 53.1.

You can monitor disk space from three ways: using SQL functions listed in Table 9-57, using `VACUUM` information, and from the command line using the tools in `contrib/oid2name`. The SQL functions are the easiest to use and report information about tables, tables with indexes and long value storage (TOAST), databases, and tablespaces.

Using psql on a recently vacuumed or analyzed database, you can issue queries to see the disk usage of any table:

    SELECT relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'customer';

     relfilenode | relpages
    -------------+----------
           16806 |       60
    (1 row)

Each page is typically 8 kilobytes. (Remember, `relpages` is only updated by `VACUUM`, `ANALYZE`, and a few DDL commands such as `CREATE INDEX`.) The `relfilenode` value is of interest if you want to examine the table's disk file directly.

To show the space used by TOAST tables, use a query like the following:

    SELECT relname, relpages
        FROM pg_class,
             (SELECT reltoastrelid FROM pg_class
              WHERE relname = 'customer') ss
        WHERE oid = ss.reltoastrelid
           OR oid = (SELECT reltoastidxid FROM pg_class
                     WHERE oid = ss.reltoastrelid)
        ORDER BY relname;

           relname        | relpages
    ----------------------+----------
     pg_toast_16806       |        0
     pg_toast_16806_index |        1

You can easily display index sizes, too:

    SELECT c2.relname, c2.relpages
        FROM pg_class c, pg_class c2, pg_index i
        WHERE c.relname = 'customer'
            AND c.oid = i.indrelid
            AND c2.oid = i.indexrelid
        ORDER BY c2.relname;

           relname        | relpages
    ----------------------+----------
     customer_id_indexdex |       26

It is easy to find your largest tables and indexes using this information:

    SELECT relname, relpages FROM pg_class ORDER BY relpages DESC;

           relname        | relpages
    ----------------------+----------
     bigtable             |     3290
     customer             |     3144

You can also use `contrib/oid2name` to show disk usage. See `README.oid2name` in that directory for examples. It includes a script that shows disk usage for each database.

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