# Copyright 2011, 2012 Keith Rarick
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.

require "stringio"

module MultiJson
  # Some parts adapted from
  # https://golang.org/src/encoding/json/decode.go and
  # https://golang.org/src/unicode/utf8/utf8.go
  module OkJson
    Upstream = "45"
    extend self

    # Decodes a json document in string s and
    # returns the corresponding ruby value.
    # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
    # a string in some other encoding, convert
    # it first.
    #
    # String values in the resulting structure
    # will be UTF-8.
    def decode(s)
      ts = lex(s)
      v, ts = textparse(ts)
      raise Error, "trailing garbage" unless ts.empty?

      v
    end

    # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
    # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
    # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
    # X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
    # No other value can be encoded, and an error will
    # be raised if x contains any other value, such as
    # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
    # is not a String.
    # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
    def encode(x)
      case x
      when Hash then objenc(x)
      when Array then arrenc(x)
      else
        raise Error, "root value must be an Array or a Hash"
      end
    end

    def valenc(x)
      case x
      when Hash then objenc(x)
      when Array then arrenc(x)
      when String then strenc(x)
      when Numeric then numenc(x)
      when true then "true"
      when false then "false"
      when nil then "null"
      else
        raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}" unless x.respond_to?(:to_json)

        x.to_json
      end
    end

    private

    # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
    # except that it does not accept atomic values.
    def textparse(ts)
      raise Error, "empty" if ts.length <= 0

      typ, _, val = ts[0]
      case typ
      when "{" then objparse(ts)
      when "[" then arrparse(ts)
      else
        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
      end
    end

    # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def valparse(ts)
      raise Error, "empty" if ts.length <= 0

      typ, _, val = ts[0]
      case typ
      when "{" then objparse(ts)
      when "[" then arrparse(ts)
      when :val, :str then [val, ts[1..]]
      else
        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
      end
    end

    # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def objparse(ts)
      ts = eat("{", ts)
      obj = {}

      return obj, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "}"

      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
      obj[k] = v

      return obj, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "}"

      loop do
        ts = eat(",", ts)

        k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
        obj[k] = v

        return obj, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "}"
      end
    end

    # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
    def pairparse(ts)
      (typ, _, k) = ts[0]
      ts = ts[1..]
      raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}" if typ != :str

      ts = eat(":", ts)
      v, ts = valparse(ts)
      [k, v, ts]
    end

    # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
    def arrparse(ts)
      ts = eat("[", ts)
      arr = []

      return arr, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "]"

      v, ts = valparse(ts)
      arr << v

      return arr, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "]"

      loop do
        ts = eat(",", ts)

        v, ts = valparse(ts)
        arr << v

        return arr, ts[1..] if ts[0][0] == "]"
      end
    end

    def eat(typ, ts)
      raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})" if ts[0][0] != typ

      ts[1..]
    end

    # Scans s and returns a list of json tokens,
    # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
    def lex(s)
      ts = []
      until s.empty?
        typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
        raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0, 10].inspect}" if typ.nil?

        ts << [typ, lexeme, val] if typ != :space
        s = s[lexeme.length..]
      end
      ts
    end

    # Scans the first token in s and
    # returns a 3-element list, or nil
    # if s does not begin with a valid token.
    #
    # The first list element is one of
    # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
    # :val, :str, and :space.
    #
    # The second element is the lexeme.
    #
    # The third element is the value of the
    # token for :val and :str, otherwise
    # it is the lexeme.
    def tok(s)
      case s[0]
      when "{" then ["{", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when "}" then ["}", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when ":" then [":", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when "," then [",", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when "[" then ["[", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when "]" then ["]", s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      when "n" then nulltok(s)
      when "t" then truetok(s)
      when "f" then falsetok(s)
      when '"' then strtok(s)
      when Spc, "\t", "\n", "\r" then [:space, s[0, 1], s[0, 1]]
      else
        numtok(s)
      end
    end

    def nulltok(s) = (s[0, 4] == "null") ? [:val, "null", nil] : []

    def truetok(s) = (s[0, 4] == "true") ? [:val, "true", true] : []

    def falsetok(s) = (s[0, 5] == "false") ? [:val, "false", false] : []

    def numtok(s)
      m = /(-?(?:[1-9][0-9]+|[0-9]))([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
      if m&.begin(0)&.zero?
        if !m[2] && !m[3]
          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
        elsif m[2]
          [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
        else
          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1]) * (10**m[3][1..].to_i(10))]
        end
      else
        []
      end
    end

    def strtok(s)
      m = %r{"([^"\\]|\\["/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"}.match(s)
      raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}" unless m

      [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
    end

    def abbrev(s)
      t = s[0, 10]
      p = t["`"]
      t = t[0, p] if p
      t += "..." if t.length < s.length
      "`" + t + "`"
    end

    # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
    # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
    # Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
    def unquote(q)
      q = q[1...-1]
      a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
      # In ruby >= 1.9, a[w] is a codepoint, not a byte.
      a.force_encoding("UTF-8") if rubydoesenc?
      r = 0
      w = 0
      while r < q.length
        c = q[r]
        if c == "\\"
          r += 1
          raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\"" if r >= q.length

          case q[r]
          when '"', "\\", "/", "'"
            a[w] = q[r]
            r += 1
            w += 1
          when "b", "f", "n", "r", "t"
            a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
            r += 1
            w += 1
          when "u"
            r += 1
            uchar = begin
              hexdec4(q[r, 4])
            rescue RuntimeError => e
              raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r, 4]}: #{e}"
            end
            r += 4
            if surrogate?(uchar) && (q.length >= r + 6)
              uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r + 2, 4])
              uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
              if uchar != Ucharerr
                # A valid pair; consume.
                r += 6
              end
            end
            if rubydoesenc?
              a[w] = "" << uchar
              w += 1
            else
              w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
            end
          else
            raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
          end
        elsif c == '"' || c < Spc
          raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
        else
          # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
          # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
          # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
          # In ruby >= 1.9, c is a codepoint, not a byte,
          # in which case this is still what we want.
          a[w] = c
          r += 1
          w += 1
        end
      end
      a[0, w]
    end

    # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
    # bytes in string a at position i.
    # Returns the number of bytes written.
    def ucharenc(a, i, u)
      if u <= Uchar1max
        a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
        1
      elsif u <= Uchar2max
        a[i + 0] = (Utag2 | ((u >> 6) & 0xff)).chr
        a[i + 1] = (Utagx | (u & Umaskx)).chr
        2
      elsif u <= Uchar3max
        a[i + 0] = (Utag3 | ((u >> 12) & 0xff)).chr
        a[i + 1] = (Utagx | ((u >> 6) & Umaskx)).chr
        a[i + 2] = (Utagx | (u & Umaskx)).chr
        3
      else
        a[i + 0] = (Utag4 | ((u >> 18) & 0xff)).chr
        a[i + 1] = (Utagx | ((u >> 12) & Umaskx)).chr
        a[i + 2] = (Utagx | ((u >> 6) & Umaskx)).chr
        a[i + 3] = (Utagx | (u & Umaskx)).chr
        4
      end
    end

    def hexdec4(s)
      raise Error, "short" if s.length != 4

      (nibble(s[0]) << 12) | (nibble(s[1]) << 8) | (nibble(s[2]) << 4) | nibble(s[3])
    end

    def subst(u1, u2)
      return ((u1 - Usurr1) << 10) | ((u2 - Usurr2) + Usurrself) if u1 >= Usurr1 && u1 < Usurr2 && u2 >= Usurr2 && u2 < Usurr3

      Ucharerr
    end

    def surrogate?(u)
      u >= Usurr1 && u < Usurr3
    end

    def nibble(c)
      if c >= "0" && c <= "9" then c.ord - "0".ord
      elsif c >= "a" && c <= "z" then c.ord - "a".ord + 10
      elsif c >= "A" && c <= "Z" then c.ord - "A".ord + 10
      else
        raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
      end
    end

    def objenc(x)
      "{" + x.map { |k, v| keyenc(k) + ":" + valenc(v) }.join(",") + "}"
    end

    def arrenc(a)
      "[" + a.map { |x| valenc(x) }.join(",") + "]"
    end

    def keyenc(k)
      case k
      when String then strenc(k)
      else
        raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
      end
    end

    def strenc(s)
      t = StringIO.new
      t.putc('"')
      r = 0

      while r < s.length
        case s[r]
        when '"' then t.print('\\"')
        when "\\" then t.print("\\\\")
        when "\b" then t.print('\\b')
        when "\f" then t.print('\\f')
        when "\n" then t.print('\\n')
        when "\r" then t.print('\\r')
        when "\t" then t.print('\\t')
        else
          c = s[r]
          # In ruby >= 1.9, s[r] is a codepoint, not a byte.
          if rubydoesenc?
            begin
              # c.ord will raise an error if c is invalid UTF-8
              c = "\\u%04x" % [c.ord] if c.ord < Spc.ord
              t.write(c)
            rescue
              t.write(Ustrerr)
            end
          elsif c < Spc
            t.write("\\u%04x" % c)
          elsif c >= Spc && c <= "~"
            t.putc(c)
          else
            n = ucharcopy(t, s, r) # ensure valid UTF-8 output
            r += n - 1 # r is incremented below
          end
        end
        r += 1
      end
      t.putc('"')
      t.string
    end

    def numenc(x)
      raise Error, "Numeric cannot be represented: #{x}" if (x.nan? || x.infinite? rescue false)

      x.to_s
    end

    # Copies the valid UTF-8 bytes of a single character
    # from string s at position i to I/O object t, and
    # returns the number of bytes copied.
    # If no valid UTF-8 char exists at position i,
    # ucharcopy writes Ustrerr and returns 1.
    def ucharcopy(t, s, i)
      n = s.length - i
      raise Utf8Error if n < 1

      c0 = s[i].ord

      # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utagx
        t.putc(c0)
        return 1
      end

      raise Utf8Error if c0 < Utag2 # unexpected continuation byte?

      raise Utf8Error if n < 2 # need continuation byte

      c1 = s[i + 1].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c1 < Utagx || c1 >= Utag2

      # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag3
        raise Utf8Error if (((c0 & Umask2) << 6) | (c1 & Umaskx)) <= Uchar1max

        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        return 2
      end

      # need second continuation byte
      raise Utf8Error if n < 3

      c2 = s[i + 2].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c2 < Utagx || c2 >= Utag2

      # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag4
        u = ((c0 & Umask3) << 12) | ((c1 & Umaskx) << 6) | (c2 & Umaskx)
        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar2max

        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        t.putc(c2)
        return 3
      end

      # need third continuation byte
      raise Utf8Error if n < 4

      c3 = s[i + 3].ord
      raise Utf8Error if c3 < Utagx || c3 >= Utag2

      # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
      if c0 < Utag5
        u = ((c0 & Umask4) << 18) | ((c1 & Umaskx) << 12) | ((c2 & Umaskx) << 6) | (c3 & Umaskx)
        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar3max

        t.putc(c0)
        t.putc(c1)
        t.putc(c2)
        t.putc(c3)
        return 4
      end

      raise Utf8Error
    rescue Utf8Error
      t.write(Ustrerr)
      1
    end

    def rubydoesenc?
      ::String.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
    end

    class Utf8Error < ::StandardError
    end

    class Error < ::StandardError
    end

    Utagx = 0b1000_0000
    Utag2 = 0b1100_0000
    Utag3 = 0b1110_0000
    Utag4 = 0b1111_0000
    Utag5 = 0b1111_1000
    Umaskx = 0b0011_1111
    Umask2 = 0b0001_1111
    Umask3 = 0b0000_1111
    Umask4 = 0b0000_0111
    Uchar1max = (1 << 7) - 1
    Uchar2max = (1 << 11) - 1
    Uchar3max = (1 << 16) - 1
    Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
    Ustrerr = "\xef\xbf\xbd" # unicode "replacement char"
    Usurrself = 0x10000
    Usurr1 = 0xd800
    Usurr2 = 0xdc00
    Usurr3 = 0xe000

    Spc = " "[0]
    Unesc = {"b" => "\b", "f" => "\f", "n" => "\n", "r" => "\r", "t" => "\t"}
  end
end
