Path::Class::File(3)

NAME
Path::Class::File - Objects representing files

SYNOPSIS
  use Path::Class qw(file);  # Export a short constructor

  my $file = file('foo', 'bar.txt');  # Path::Class::File object
  my $file = Path::Class::File->new('foo', 'bar.txt'); # Same thing

  # Stringifies to 'foo/bar.txt' on Unix, 'foo\bar.txt' on Windows, etc.
  print "file: $file\n";

  if ($file->is_absolute) { ... }
  if ($file->is_relative) { ... }

  my $v = $file->volume; # Could be 'C:' on Windows, empty string
                         # on Unix, 'Macintosh HD:' on Mac OS

  $file->cleanup; # Perform logical cleanup of pathname
  $file->resolve; # Perform physical cleanup of pathname

  my $dir = $file->dir;  # A Path::Class::Dir object

  my $abs = $file->absolute; # Transform to absolute path
  my $rel = $file->relative; # Transform to relative path

DESCRIPTION
The "Path::Class::File" class contains functionality for manipulating file names in a cross-platform way.

METHODS

$file = Path::Class::File->new( <dir1>, <dir2>, ..., <file> )
$file = file( <dir1>, <dir2>, ..., <file> )
    Creates a new "Path::Class::File" object and returns it. The arguments specify the path to the file. Any volume may also be specified as the first argument, or as part of the first argument. You can use platform-neutral syntax:

      my $dir = file( 'foo', 'bar', 'baz.txt' );

    or platform-native syntax:

      my $dir = dir( 'foo/bar/baz.txt' );

    or a mixture of the two:

      my $dir = dir( 'foo/bar', 'baz.txt' );

    All three of the above examples create relative paths. To create an absolute path, either use the platform native syntax for doing so:

      my $dir = dir( '/var/tmp/foo.txt' );

    or use an empty string as the first argument:

      my $dir = dir( '', 'var', 'tmp', 'foo.txt' );

    If the second form seems awkward, that's somewhat intentional - paths like "/var/tmp" or "\Windows" aren't cross-platform concepts in the first place, so they probably shouldn't appear in your code if you're trying to be cross-platform. The first form is perfectly fine, because paths like this may come from config files, user input, or whatever.

$file->stringify
    This method is called internally when a "Path::Class::File" object is used in a string context, so the following are equivalent:

      $string = $file->stringify;
      $string = "$file";

$file->volume
    Returns the volume (e.g. "C:" on Windows, "Macintosh HD:" on Mac OS, etc.) of the object, if any. Otherwise, returns the empty string.

$file->basename
    Returns the name of the file as a string, without the directory portion (if any).

$file->is_dir
    Returns a boolean value indicating whether this object represents a directory. Not surprisingly, "Path::Class::File" objects always return false, and "Path::Class::Dir" objects always return true.

$file->is_absolute
    Returns true or false depending on whether the file refers to an absolute path specifier (like "/usr/local/foo.txt" or "\Windows\Foo.txt").

$file->is_relative
    Returns true or false depending on whether the file refers to a relative path specifier (like "lib/foo.txt" or ".\Foo.txt").

$file->cleanup
    Performs a logical cleanup of the file path. For instance:

      my $file = file('/foo//baz/./foo.txt')->cleanup;
      # $file now represents '/foo/baz/foo.txt';

$dir->resolve
    Performs a physical cleanup of the file path. For instance:

      my $dir = dir('/foo/baz/../foo.txt')->resolve;
      # $dir now represents '/foo/foo.txt', assuming no symlinks

    This actually consults the filesystem to verify the validity of the path.

$dir = $file->dir
    Returns a "Path::Class::Dir" object representing the directory containing this file.

$dir = $file->parent
    A synonym for the "dir()" method.

$abs = $file->absolute
    Returns a "Path::Class::File" object representing $file as an absolute path. An optional argument, given as either a string or a "Path::Class::Dir" object, specifies the directory to use as the base of relativity - otherwise the current working directory will be used.

$rel = $file->relative
    Returns a "Path::Class::File" object representing $file as a relative path. An optional argument, given as either a string or a "Path::Class::Dir" object, specifies the directory to use as the base of relativity - otherwise the current working directory will be used.

$foreign = $file->as_foreign($type)
    Returns a "Path::Class::File" object representing $file as it would be specified on a system of type $type. Known types include "Unix", "Win32", "Mac", "VMS", and "OS2", i.e. anything for which there is a subclass of "File::Spec".

    Any generated objects (subdirectories, files, parents, etc.) will also retain this type.

$foreign = Path::Class::File->new_foreign($type, @args)
    Returns a "Path::Class::File" object representing a file as it would be specified on a system of type $type. Known types include "Unix", "Win32", "Mac", "VMS", and "OS2", i.e. anything for which there is a subclass of "File::Spec".

    The arguments in @args are the same as they would be specified in "new()".

$fh = $file->open($mode, $permissions)
    Passes the given arguments, including $file, to "IO::File->new" (which in turn calls "IO::File->open" and returns the result as an "IO::File" object. If the opening fails, "undef" is returned and $! is set.

$fh = $file->openr()
    A shortcut for

     $fh = $file->open('r') or croak "Can't read $file: $!";

$fh = $file->openw()
    A shortcut for

     $fh = $file->open('w') or croak "Can't write $file: $!";

$file->touch
    Sets the modification and access time of the given file to right now, if the file exists. If it doesn't exist, "touch()" will make it exist, and - YES! - set its modification and access time to now.

$file->slurp()
    In a scalar context, returns the contents of $file in a string. In a list context, returns the lines of $file (according to how $/ is set) as a list. If the file can't be read, this method will throw an exception.

    If you want "chomp()" run on each line of the file, pass a true value for the "chomp" or "chomped" parameters:

      my @lines = $file->slurp(chomp => 1);

    You may also use the "iomode" parameter to pass in an IO mode to use when opening the file, usually IO layers (though anything accepted by the MODE argument of "open()" is accepted here). Just make sure it's a reading mode.

      my @lines = $file->slurp(iomode => ':crlf');
      my $lines = $file->slurp(iomode => '<:encoding(UTFaXX8)');

    The default "iomode" is "r".

$file->remove()
    This method will remove the file in a way that works well on all platforms, and returns a boolean value indicating whether or not the file was successfully removed.

    "remove()" is better than simply calling Perl's "unlink()" function, because on some platforms (notably VMS) you actually may need to call "unlink()" several times before all versions of the file are gone - the "remove()" method handles this process for you.

$st = $file->stat()
    Invokes "File::stat::stat()" on this file and returns a "File::stat" object representing the result.

$st = $file->lstat()
    Same as "stat()", but if $file is a symbolic link, "lstat()" stats the link instead of the file the link points to.

$class = $file->dir_class()
    Returns the class which should be used to create directory objects.

    Generally overridden whenever this class is subclassed.

AUTHOR
Ken Williams, kwilliams@cpan.org

SEE ALSO
Path::Class, Path::Class::Dir, File::Spec