/*
  Copyright (c) 2002, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  The MySQL Connector/J is licensed under the terms of the GPLv2
  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html>, like most MySQL Connectors.
  There are special exceptions to the terms and conditions of the GPLv2 as it is applied to
  this software, see the FOSS License Exception
  <http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/licensing/foss-exception.html>.

  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
  of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
  of the License.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
  without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this
  program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth
  Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA

 */

package com.mysql.jdbc;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.DigestException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/**
 * Methods for doing secure authentication with MySQL-4.1 and newer.
 */
public class Security {
    private static final char PVERSION41_CHAR = '*';

    private static final int SHA1_HASH_SIZE = 20;

    private static int CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH = 32;

    /**
     * Returns hex value for given char
     */
    private static int charVal(char c) {
        return ((c >= '0') && (c <= '9')) ? (c - '0') : (((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z')) ? (c - 'A' + 10) : (c - 'a' + 10));
    }

    /*
     * Convert password in salted form to binary string password and hash-salt
     * For old password this involves one more hashing
     * 
     * SYNOPSIS get_hash_and_password() salt IN Salt to convert from pversion IN
     * Password version to use hash OUT Store zero ended hash here bin_password
     * OUT Store binary password here (no zero at the end)
     * 
     * RETURN 0 for pre 4.1 passwords !0 password version char for newer
     * passwords
     */

    /**
     * Creates key from old password to decode scramble Used in 4.1
     * authentication with passwords stored pre-4.1 hashing.
     * 
     * @param passwd
     *            the password to create the key from
     * 
     * @return 20 byte generated key
     * 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *             if the message digest 'SHA-1' is not available.
     */
    static byte[] createKeyFromOldPassword(String passwd) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        /* At first hash password to the string stored in password */
        passwd = makeScrambledPassword(passwd);

        /* Now convert it to the salt form */
        int[] salt = getSaltFromPassword(passwd);

        /* Finally get hash and bin password from salt */
        return getBinaryPassword(salt, false);
    }

    /**
     * @param salt
     * @param usingNewPasswords
     * 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *             if the message digest 'SHA-1' is not available.
     */
    static byte[] getBinaryPassword(int[] salt, boolean usingNewPasswords) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        int val = 0;

        byte[] binaryPassword = new byte[SHA1_HASH_SIZE]; /* Binary password loop pointer */

        if (usingNewPasswords) /* New password version assumed */ {
            int pos = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) /* Iterate over these elements */ {
                val = salt[i];

                for (int t = 3; t >= 0; t--) {
                    binaryPassword[pos++] = (byte) (val & 255);
                    val >>= 8; /* Scroll 8 bits to get next part */
                }
            }

            return binaryPassword;
        }

        int offset = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) /* Iterate over these elements */ {
            val = salt[i];

            for (int t = 3; t >= 0; t--) {
                binaryPassword[t + offset] = (byte) (val % 256);
                val >>= 8; /* Scroll 8 bits to get next part */
            }

            offset += 4;
        }

        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");

        md.update(binaryPassword, 0, 8);

        return md.digest();
    }

    private static int[] getSaltFromPassword(String password) {
        int[] result = new int[6];

        if ((password == null) || (password.length() == 0)) {
            return result;
        }

        if (password.charAt(0) == PVERSION41_CHAR) {
            // new password
            String saltInHex = password.substring(1, 5);

            int val = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                val = (val << 4) + charVal(saltInHex.charAt(i));
            }

            return result;
        }

        int resultPos = 0;
        int pos = 0;
        int length = password.length();

        while (pos < length) {
            int val = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                val = (val << 4) + charVal(password.charAt(pos++));
            }

            result[resultPos++] = val;
        }

        return result;
    }

    private static String longToHex(long val) {
        String longHex = Long.toHexString(val);

        int length = longHex.length();

        if (length < 8) {
            int padding = 8 - length;
            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

            for (int i = 0; i < padding; i++) {
                buf.append("0");
            }

            buf.append(longHex);

            return buf.toString();
        }

        return longHex.substring(0, 8);
    }

    /**
     * Creates password to be stored in user database from raw string.
     * 
     * Handles Pre-MySQL 4.1 passwords.
     * 
     * @param password
     *            plaintext password
     * 
     * @return scrambled password
     * 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *             if the message digest 'SHA-1' is not available.
     */
    static String makeScrambledPassword(String password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        long[] passwordHash = Util.hashPre41Password(password);
        StringBuilder scramble = new StringBuilder();

        scramble.append(longToHex(passwordHash[0]));
        scramble.append(longToHex(passwordHash[1]));

        return scramble.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Encrypt/Decrypt function used for password encryption in authentication
     * 
     * Simple XOR is used here but it is OK as we encrypt random strings
     * 
     * @param from
     *            IN Data for encryption
     * @param to
     *            OUT Encrypt data to the buffer (may be the same)
     * @param scramble
     *            IN Scramble used for encryption
     * @param length
     *            IN Length of data to encrypt
     */
    public static void xorString(byte[] from, byte[] to, byte[] scramble, int length) {
        int pos = 0;
        int scrambleLength = scramble.length;

        while (pos < length) {
            to[pos] = (byte) (from[pos] ^ scramble[pos % scrambleLength]);
            pos++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Stage one password hashing, used in MySQL 4.1 password handling
     * 
     * @param password
     *            plaintext password
     * 
     * @return stage one hash of password
     * 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *             if the message digest 'SHA-1' is not available.
     */
    static byte[] passwordHashStage1(String password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
        StringBuilder cleansedPassword = new StringBuilder();

        int passwordLength = password.length();

        for (int i = 0; i < passwordLength; i++) {
            char c = password.charAt(i);

            if ((c == ' ') || (c == '\t')) {
                continue; /* skip space in password */
            }

            cleansedPassword.append(c);
        }

        return md.digest(StringUtils.getBytes(cleansedPassword.toString()));
    }

    /**
     * Stage two password hashing used in MySQL 4.1 password handling
     * 
     * @param hash
     *            from passwordHashStage1
     * @param salt
     *            salt used for stage two hashing
     * 
     * @return result of stage two password hash
     * 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *             if the message digest 'SHA-1' is not available.
     */
    static byte[] passwordHashStage2(byte[] hashedPassword, byte[] salt) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");

        // hash 4 bytes of salt
        md.update(salt, 0, 4);

        md.update(hashedPassword, 0, SHA1_HASH_SIZE);

        return md.digest();
    }

    // SERVER: public_seed=create_random_string()
    // send(public_seed)
    //
    // CLIENT: recv(public_seed)
    // hash_stage1=sha1("password")
    // hash_stage2=sha1(hash_stage1)
    // reply=xor(hash_stage1, sha1(public_seed,hash_stage2)
    //
    // // this three steps are done in scramble()
    //
    // send(reply)
    //
    //
    // SERVER: recv(reply)
    // hash_stage1=xor(reply, sha1(public_seed,hash_stage2))
    // candidate_hash2=sha1(hash_stage1)
    // check(candidate_hash2==hash_stage2)
    public static byte[] scramble411(String password, String seed, String passwordEncoding) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");

        byte[] passwordHashStage1 = md.digest((passwordEncoding == null || passwordEncoding.length() == 0) ? StringUtils.getBytes(password)
                : StringUtils.getBytes(password, passwordEncoding));
        md.reset();

        byte[] passwordHashStage2 = md.digest(passwordHashStage1);
        md.reset();

        byte[] seedAsBytes = StringUtils.getBytes(seed, "ASCII"); // for debugging
        md.update(seedAsBytes);
        md.update(passwordHashStage2);

        byte[] toBeXord = md.digest();

        int numToXor = toBeXord.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < numToXor; i++) {
            toBeXord[i] = (byte) (toBeXord[i] ^ passwordHashStage1[i]);
        }

        return toBeXord;
    }

    /**
     * Scrambling for caching_sha2_password plugin.
     * 
     * <pre>
     * Scramble = XOR(SHA2(password), SHA2(SHA2(SHA2(password)), Nonce))
     * </pre>
     * 
     * @throws DigestException
     */
    public static byte[] scrambleCachingSha2(byte[] password, byte[] seed) throws DigestException {
        /*
         * Server does it in 4 steps (see sql/auth/sha2_password_common.cc Generate_scramble::scramble method):
         * 
         * SHA2(src) => digest_stage1
         * SHA2(digest_stage1) => digest_stage2
         * SHA2(digest_stage2, m_rnd) => scramble_stage1
         * XOR(digest_stage1, scramble_stage1) => scramble
         */
        MessageDigest md;
        try {
            md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            throw new AssertionFailedException(ex);
        }

        byte[] dig1 = new byte[CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH];
        byte[] dig2 = new byte[CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH];
        byte[] scramble1 = new byte[CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH];

        // SHA2(src) => digest_stage1
        md.update(password, 0, password.length);
        md.digest(dig1, 0, CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH);
        md.reset();

        // SHA2(digest_stage1) => digest_stage2
        md.update(dig1, 0, dig1.length);
        md.digest(dig2, 0, CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH);
        md.reset();

        // SHA2(digest_stage2, m_rnd) => scramble_stage1
        md.update(dig2, 0, dig1.length);
        md.update(seed, 0, seed.length);
        md.digest(scramble1, 0, CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH);

        // XOR(digest_stage1, scramble_stage1) => scramble
        byte[] mysqlScrambleBuff = new byte[CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH];
        xorString(dig1, mysqlScrambleBuff, scramble1, CACHING_SHA2_DIGEST_LENGTH);

        return mysqlScrambleBuff;
    }

    /**
     * Prevent construction.
     */
    private Security() {
        super();
    }
}
